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Table of Content

    25 April 2014, Volume 38 Issue 2
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    Treatment schedule of ranibizumab therapy in wet age-related macular degeneration
    JI Jing, WEI Wen-Bin
    2014, 38(2):  73-80.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2014.02.001
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    The clinical efficacy and safety of antiVEGF therapy via intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for wet agerelated macular degeneration have been proved in several clinical trials. So far studies are focus on the therapy schedule which has changed from the early fixed model, PRN model to the stability model and prolongation model recently. The criteria concerns not only visual function, but also other factors such as disease activity, patient’s willingness, medical cost and so on. This article reviews recent clinical trials and summarizes research progress of treatment schedule for ranibizumab therapy in wet agerelated macular degeneration. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 73-80)
    Epigenetic research progress in ophthalmology
    RONG Xian-Fang, LU Yi
    2014, 38(2):  80-86.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2014.02.002
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    The concept of epigenetics was first proposed by Waddington in 1942, referring to phenotypic changes that are not related to the underlying DNA methylation, histone modifications, nocoding microRNA interference, etc. This regulatory mechanism of unchanged genotype and changed phenotype as well as passed on during cell division, proliferation and development can cause the pathologic response including inflammation, neoplasia, aging, and neurodegeneration. This paper mainly focuses on DNA methylation, histone modification, nocoding microRNA interference, and is an overview of epigenetics research progress in mechanism of eye development and ocular diseases. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 80-86)
    Research progress of the change of eyelid marginal tension and its related diseases
    FU Zhi-Xuan, ZHANG Xing-Ru-
    2014, 38(2):  87-92.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2014.02.003
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    Eyelid is one of the most important appendages of the eye, not only forming a barrier to protect the eye ball, but also spreading tears to the cornea and conjunctiva. The eyelid margin refers to the junction area between the eyelid skin and palpebral conjunctiva, the tensional change of which may lead to the blepharal abnormality related to its location and function. In addition to causing some common diseases, e.g. entropion, ectropion, trichiasis, etc, the change of eyelid marginal tension may also be associated with blepharospasm, conjunctivochalasis, conjunctival lymphangiectasia and the floppy of eyelid skin caused by a variety of pathogenesis. This paper summarizes both the native and foreign researches on the measurement methods of eyelidmarginal tension and related ophthalmopathy. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 87-92)
    The relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer defect and systemic diseases
    ZHOU Jin-Qiong, WEI Wen-Bin-
    2014, 38(2):  93-98.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2014.02.004
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    Retinal nerve fiber layer defect (RNFLD), including localized and diffuse RNFLD, is believed to be a characteristic feature of glaucoma and an important clue for the detection of early glaucoma. However, RNFLD does not always equate to a diagnosis of glaucoma.It can also be induced by systemic or ocular vascular accidents or some other central nervous systemic (CNS) disease, such as hypertension, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, and so on. For those systemic or CNS diseases, there are strong correlations between RNFLD and visual field loss, which makes it possible to use RNFLD to indicate the severity of the diseases. With recent advances in ocular imaging technology such as OCT, RNFL thickness measurement could potentially be used to evaluate ganglion cell loss in patients with systemic or CNS diseases, and might be used to detect damage and followup of these patients. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 93-98)
    Progress research in diabetic keratopathy
    XI Lei, ZHANG Chen, ZHAO Shao-Zhen
    2014, 38(2):  99-103.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2014.02.005
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    Diabetes keratopathy is a major complication of eye diseases worldwide, and it is a potential disease that causes patients blind. Diabetes has a major impact on corneal layers of tissue structure, metabolism and function. The pathogenesis of diabetic keratopathy is not yet entirely clear. This article reviews the present research of corneal tissue and corneal nerve changes in diabetes. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 99103)
    The new development of surface refractive surgery: TransPRK
    YANG Mei, GUO Xiu-Jin
    2014, 38(2):  104-108.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2014.02.006
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    The development of surface ablation as the treatment of refractive errors mostly focus on the epithelial removal techniques. TransPRK is a kind of new developed surface refractive surgery. TransPRK uses the phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) mode to ablate epithelium in preset aspherical shape, then the stromal ablation is immediately performed, epithelial and stromal ablation are in one step, finally, a soft contact lens is placed on the cornea at the completion of the procedure. The advantages of this surgery are more accurate, shorter operation time, no suction pressure, truly achieved“notouch”surface ablation. The shortage of surgery is the limited development; we need further research and refinement. This review recommends the developing history, principle, operative process, clinical effect and advantages of the TransPRK. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 104-108)
    The status and prospect of medical treatment on corneal neovascularization
    YOU Yu-Xia, LIANG Qing-Feng, MA Ke
    2014, 38(2):  108-113.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673-5803.2014.02.007
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    Current treatments for corneal neovascularization, including topical steroids, nonsteroidal inflammatory agents, fine needle diathermy, argon laser photocoagulation, and photodynamic therapy have limited clinical efficacy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important mediators of angiogenesis, and anti-VEGF agents, including avastin, lucentis, VEGF trap and siRNA have excellent efficacy for the treatment of corneal neovascularization. Doxycycline, minocycline and other antibiotics are also confirmed to have inhibitory effect on corneal neovascularization. Immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclosporine and rapamycin have also been used in the treatment of corneal neovascularization. This paper reviewed the current situation and prospect of medical treatment on corneal neovascularization.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 108-113)
    The research progress of notch signaling in choroidal neovascularization
    LI Na, DOU Guo-Rui, WANG Yu-Sheng
    2014, 38(2):  113-118.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2014.02.008
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    Choroidal neovascularization, a prevalent cause of severe visual loss，has been observed in many ocular diseases.  Recent studies suggest that the Notch pathway plays a critical role in choroidal neovascularization. As a classic signaling pathway transducting in neighboring cells, Notch pathway is critically involved in several angiogenic steps, and interacted with cells and other signaling pathways. In conclusion, it is of great significance for the mechanisms and therapeutic potential to reveal its roles and mechanisms in choroidal neovascularization. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 113-118)
    Establishment and choosing of choroid neovascularization animal models
    WANG Li, CHEN Hui
    2014, 38(2):  118-122.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673-5803.2014.02.009
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    Choroid neovascularization (CNV) has become one of the difficult problems in ophthalmology. Preparation of a stable CNV animal model for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of CNV has a profound significance now. Currently, CNV models can be induced with a laser, growth factor induction, or in the setting of transgenic mice, and they are all based on destruction of Bruch’s membrane by laser or overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor. There are commonly used experimental model of animals since the recent: mouse, rabbit, pig and primate. Since a variety of model animals with different physiological characteristics, with different pathological changes in different animal models, the most suitable experimental animals should be choose based on different experimental needs.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 118-122)
    Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in ophthalmology research
    XU Ru-Xia, SHI Yan-Yun, LI Jing, JIA Ya-Ding
    2014, 38(2):  123-128.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2013.05.010
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    The formation of ocular neovascular is a complex pathophysiological process, which regulated by varieties factors, vascular endothelial growth factor is considered to be one of the critical factors in the process. The VEGF family members include: VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD, VEGFE, VEGFF and Placental growth factor (PIGF). VEGF receptors include VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3 Each receptor can be activated by the same or diffident VEGF for various physiological functions. Research on VEGFA and its receptor is the most, which has different sites and modes to angiogenesis, lead to produce a variety of drugs and clinical medicine and treatment programs for ocular neovascular diseases has been changed largely. With the indepth study of the VEGF family and its receptors, researchers gradually find the other members of the VEGF family like VEGFB, which has different target and mechanism with VEGFA. This review summarizes the research of VEGF family and its receptor include mechanism, function and different type of antiVEGF treatment, clinical applications and research progress.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 123-128)
    Treatment of central retinal vein occlusion
    LIU Ren-Yi, YUAN Ling, YUAN Yuan-Sheng
    2014, 38(2):  129-133.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2014.02.011
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    Central retinal vein occlusion （CRVO）is a common retinal vascular disorder second to the diabetic retinopathy with potentially blinding complications. In the past, the vitrectomy surgery, laser photocoagulation, intravitreal injection and other therapies were used for the treatment of CRVO, and brought some effects. In recently，the emergence of some new methods, such as antineovascular endothelial growth factor, ozurdex etc. These methods achieved good effects. However，the specific curative therapies should be studied further. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 129-133)
    The research status of Purtscher retinopathy
    XIA Duo-Sheng, ZHANG Wen-Fang, GU Zhuo, WANG Ya-Dong
    2014, 38(2):  134-137.  doi:10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2014.02.012
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    Purtscher retinopathy is a rare condition, which is triggered by another confirmed disease or other factor, and mainly caused by the pathological changes in retina. At present, we can’t have much agreement on classification, pathogenesis and treatment. And also the research studies reported in Western and Chinese literatures are varied. In this review, through the integration of publications in this field, we provide characteristics of its epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, case definition, treatment, and the comparison of different understanding between at home and abroad. At the end, we put forward some forecasts of the future research on this disease. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 134-137)
    Evaluation of control in patients with intermittent exotropia and research progress of their stereopsis
    ZHANG Xin-Xin, FENG Xue-Liang, YAN Li
    2014, 38(2):  143.  doi: 10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2014.02.014
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    Intermittent exotropia is a common type of exotropic strabismus. As its incidence rate is high and the cause is unknown, the study of intermittent exotropia has been the focus of clinical research in recent years. In the present review, the control and stereoacuity for intermittent exotropia will be discussed. On the basis of neural plasticity theory and perceptual learning, according to the relevant principles of Dorsal and Ventral pathways, we may achieve a functional cure for patients with intermittent exotropia to improve their binocular visual function and quality of life. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 143-Posterior III)
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