Table of Content

22 October 2017, Volume 41 Issue 5

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Application of widefield scanning laser imaging system in clinical practice

YANG Mo-chi1,2, WEI Wen-bin1.

2017, 41(5):  289-295.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.001

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Wide-field laser scanning imaging system (Optos 200Tx) is a new equipment for clinical examination in recent years. It has some characteristics such as capturing a large range of retina in a single photograph and nonmydriasis, and we can intuitively observe the peripheral retina. At the same time,because of providing with variety of laser scanning mode, including options for color images, red-free images, fluorescein angiography and fundus autofluorescence, Optos 200Tx comprehensively satisfies to detect the retina, choroid and vascular structure. It is significant to understand the pathogenesis and make diagnosis of ocular fundus diseases,and guide the evaluation and follow-up for diseases.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   289-295)

Relative fundus changes in pathological myopia with posterior staphyloma

YI Cai-jiao, WANG Qi-chang.

2017, 41(5):  295-299.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.002

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As a hallmark of pathologic myopia, posterior staphyloma has brought a variety of fundus lesions and serious impact on vision acuity. The combination of 3D-MRI，ultra-wide fundus imaging and OCT is useful for covering the edges of a posterior staphyloma and relative lesions. Kinds of fundus changes have been reported in recent years,  including radial ascending tracts emanating from staphyloma edge, chorioretinal folds from staphyloma edge, dome-shaped macula, peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation and Bruch membrane holes. This article gives a review of relative fundus changes in pathological myopia with posterior staphyloma.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   295-299)

Abnormal molecular regulation mechanism of pericytes in diabetic retinopathy

LIU Chang, YANG Hong, CAO Guo-fan.

2017, 41(5):  300-305.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.003

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and loss of vision. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves a variety of cells, molecules that have not yet been fully elucidated. The main pathological features of DR are microvascular dysfunction, in which pericyte loss is an important indicator of DR. The main reasons of pericyte loss include increased production of reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end products, decreased expression of platelet-derived growth factor, the upregulation of angiopoietin2 and transforming growth factor β and the decrease of pigment epithelium-derived factor. In recent years, great breakthroughs have made on the molecular regulation mechanism of pericytes. This article tried to review the abnormal molecular regulation mechanism of pericytes, which was helpful to the treatment of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2017, 41: 300-305)

Progress in mechanobiology research of ocular cells

QI Sen, JI Jing.

2017, 41(5):  305-311.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.004

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Mechanical factor plays an important role in regulating cellular function and structure. The abnormal mechanical response of cell may lead to a series of pathological changes. Due to the influence of intraocular pressure and other factors, the ocular cells are in a dynamic mechanical environment. The effects of different types of mechanical stimuli on ocular cells attribute to both the physiology and pathology of various ocular tissues. This paper summarized the progress of mechanobiology research of corneal cells, scleral cells, trabecular meshwork cells, cells in the lamina cribiosa region and retinal cells, and discussed the possible pathogenesis of related ocular diseases from biomechanical aspect, in order to provide new ideas for disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2017, 41: 305-311)

Drugs induced uveitis

YANG Yong-sheng.

2017, 41(5):  312-317.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.005

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Uveitis is a disease with complex etiology. Drugs induced uveitis still is an important cause in non-infectious uveitis. Especially in recent years, as more new drugs, new dosage form and administration mode, more eye disease are found to be related with the drug’s usage. According to the diagnostic criteria of drug-induced diseases developed by Naronjo, more than 120 drugs had been found to be related with uveitis. Common known drugs include Rifabutin, Cidofovir, Sulfonamides, Bisphosphonates, anti-TNFa antibody, Targeted drugs for metastatic tumor and Vaccines(Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   312-317)

A update on the treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma with non-pupillary block

LI Min, JIN Gan-ying, LIANG Yuan-bo, WU Hai-xia.

2017, 41(5):  317-322.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.006

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Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is the main type of glaucoma in China, the non-pupillary block, as one kind of angle closing mechanism in PACG, is caused by the abnormal morphology and/or location of the iris and/or ciliary body, accommodation factor may be involved. Different treatment strategies can be used based on the Angle closure mechanism. Eye drops of pilocarpine, argon laser peripheraliridoplasty (ALPI) and cataract extraction is likely to be effective for non-pupillary block angle closure glaucoma, but the evidence is not sufficient. (Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   317-322)

The application of anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab in glaucoma filtration surgery

ZUO Lei1, XU Xun2.

2017, 41(5):  323-327.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.007

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Angiogenesis may pose a clinical challenge in glaucoma during the wound healing phase after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). In recent years, anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab (BVZ) has been used in GFS in order to improve the operation success rate safely, such as primary open angle glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, exfoliation glaucoma,chronic angle closure glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, and the filtering surgery after failure of glaucoma surgery.The mode of application include  topical, subconjunctival injection, intracameral injection, intravitreal injection, combination therapy, etc.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   323-327)

 

Cogan′s syndrome

LIU Guang-sen1, GAO Lei2.

2017, 41(5):  328-331.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.008

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Cogan′s syndrome (CS) is a rare disease,characterized by nonsyphilitic ocular keratitis and vestibuloauditory dysfunction.  The cause of the disease is unclear. It may be an autoimmune disease. The inicidence of the disease is mostly young people. The main manifestation are nonsyphilitic ocular keratitis and vestibulo auditory dysfunction. The CS is divided into typical and atypical. It needs to differentiate with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus. The treatment is mainly with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   328-331)

The mechanism progress of ocular microbiota in the occurrence and development of dry eye disease

ZHENG Pan-pan, LIANG Qing-feng.

2017, 41(5):  332-336.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.009

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Ocular microbiota consists of microbial populations in human conjunctival sac. The microbiota is relatively stable in normal ocular surface, including Staphylococci, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Streptococci and other symbiotic bacteria. But the microbiota is changed in the ocular surface of patients with dry eye disease, existing Propionibacterium acnes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Rhodococcus sp, and share more metabolic pathways with pathogens. Changes on ocular surface cause immune response, and immune-mediated inflammatory response plays an important role in the occurrence and development of dry eye disease. The inflammation on ocular surface can activate keratoconjunctival dendritic cells, release cytokines, which injure goblet cells and corneal subepithelial nerve, causing dry eye symptoms. (Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   332-336)

The development of endothelial keratoplasty

SHI Pei-yan1, WANG Ting2.

2017, 41(5):  336-341.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.010

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Endothelial keratoplasty has become the first choice for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction. Compared with penetrating keratoplasty, endothelial keratoplasty preserved the biologial integrity of the anterior segment，better and faster recovery of postoperative visual, reduced complications greatly.In this paper, the development of endothelial keratoplasty, the main surgical methods, the advantages and disadvantages of the operation and postoperative complications are reviewed in order to provide reference for clinical application.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   336-341)

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WEN Kai, SUN Jing, TIAN Fang, ZHANG Hong.

2017, 41(5):  341-345.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.011

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Advances in the study of limbal stem cell defects using tissue engineering

ZHANG Xu1, GAO Xiao-wei2.

2017, 41(5):  346-351.  doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.012

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Limbal stem cells play an important role in corneal epithelial regeneration and wound healing. Iimbal stem cell deficiency can lead to a variety of serious ocular surface disorders. Because of autologous transplantation with healthy eye damage, allograft rejection and donor problems,  the stem cell research and tissue engineering development have great challenge and chance.  In vitro cultured limbal stem cells can construct tissue-engineered corneal epithelium and then use for transplantation in the treatment of disease of limbal stem cell lack. This paper summarized the new progress on seed cells and Scaffold material selection two aspects and  explored the existing problems and further development.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   346-351)

Progress in boron neutron capture therapy and prospects for the treatment of choroidal melanoma

SHI Xiang-yu, WEI Wen-bin.

2017, 41(5):  352-357.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.013

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Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a biochemically targeted radiotherapy based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when non-radioactive boron-10, which is a constituent of natural elemental boron, is irradiated with low energy thermal neutrons to yield high linear energy transfer alpha particles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei. Clinical interest in BNCT has focused primarily on the treatment of high grade gliomas, recurrent cancers of the head and neck region and either primary or metastatic melanoma. New boron delivery agents that currently are under evaluation, neutron sources in use or under development for BNCT, clinical dosimetry, treatment planning, and finally a summary of previous and on-going clinical studies for high grade gliomas, recurrent tumors of the head and neck region and cutaneous melanomas. Promising results have been obtained with both groups of patients but these outcomes must be more rigorously evaluated in larger, possibly randomized clinical trials. Moreover, we can look at the BNCT as a useful tool in the therapy of uveal melanoma. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2017, 41: 352-357)

The role of microperimetry in evaluating the function of the macular after ILM peeling in macular hole patients

WANG Zeng-yi, QI Yue, LIU Wu.

2017, 41(5):  357-360.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2017.05.014

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In recent years, the widespread use of ILM peeling in macular hole surgery has been recognized due to the improved healing rate of macular hole. However, whether this operation affect the function of retina in macular is unknown. Therefore, the evaluation of the macular after ILM peeling has been gaining attention by doctors. Microperimetry is a vital procedure to assess the function of retina in macula, it was used widely in macular disease such as epiretinal membrane, central serous chorioretinopathy, diabetic macular edema, etc. The review is aimed at the influence on the function of retina in macular after ILM peeling measured by Microperimeter-3, we found ILM peeling influence the function of the retina by mechanic force which was extremely hard to avoid and toxicity of drains such as ICG, TA and BBG. With respect to the comparison between Microperimeter-3 and other retinal functional examinations, merits and demerits are showed on Microperimeter-3 and other techniques. Due to the launch of MP-3, the prospect for the use of microperimetry should draw a lot attention.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,  2017,  41:   357-Cover III)