Table of Content

22 October 2018, Volume 42 Issue 5

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Study on anti-cicatricial treatments for filtration canal after glaucoma surgery

YU Xue-ting, SUN Xing-huai.

2018, 42(5):  289-296.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.001

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During the perioperative period of glaucoma filtration surgery, prevention and inhibition of scar formation in filtration canal is the key for long-term success.  Anti-scarring treatments for filtration canal after glaucoma surgery include non-specific anti-inflammatory or anti-metabolite drugs(such as 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, glucocorticoids, etc), specific drugs that target certain receptors or interfere signaling pathway(such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, drugs acting on transforming factor pathways etc),  as well as drug delivery system(such as degradable collagen matrix, γ-cyclodextrin and chitosan). (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  289-296)

Nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery

XU Dan, YANG Jin

2018, 42(5):  297-301.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.002

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Nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS) is a kind of operation without entering into the anterior chamber, by which aqueous flows across an intact trabeculo-descemetic membrane. Compared with trabeculectomy, nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery can reduce the incidence of complications. This procedure consists of three kinds of surgeries: deep sclerectomy, nonpenetrating trabecular surgery, viscocanalostomy. As the development of nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery, it has been more popular recently incorporating with various new modifications and implants.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  297-301)

Research on mitochondrial damage in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy

ZHOU Bi-ting1, FANG Li-jun2, YAO Yi-hua1, ZHU Yi-hua1.

2018, 42(5):  302-306.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.003

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Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally transmitted hereditary disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction and stress are involved in the degeneration and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The continuous innovation and improvement of the LHON models provide a good experimental basis for the study of the molecular mechanism of LHON. Among them, the ectopically expressed LHON mutant cells are the main research tools at this stage. Gene therapy is a breakthrough point in the treatment of LHON which has been tested in the clinic. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  302-306)

MCP-1 and monocyte infiltrating oculopathy

QI Jiao, ZHU Xiang-jia, LU Yi.

2018, 42(5):  307-311.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.004

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Monocyte chemoattrantact protein-1(MCP-1/CCL2) is an important proinflammatory chemokine in the many pathological and physiological processes, such as immune response, inflammatory reaction, which mediates monocytes and macrophages migrating and infiltrating in inflammatory tissues. Excessive secretion would lead to many systemic monocyte infiltrating diseases. Recent studies find that in many eye diseases, including ocular surface diseases, pouch contraction syndrome, glaucoma, uveitis,  retinal disease and so on, monocytes infiltrating is also a pivotal event. And there are some researches show that MCP-1 also participates in the occurrence, development and outcome of many monocytes infiltrating oculopathy，and inhibition of MCP-1 activity may be a new therapeutic target in relevant ophthalmology.(Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  307-311)

Relationship between hypertensive retinopathy and risk of stroke

LI Cheng-wu1, ZHUANG Zeng-yuan2, LIU Jing1.

2018, 42(5):  312-317.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.005

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Stroke is a common disease that cause of serious health damage. Early prevention is of great significance. Hypertensive retinopathy (HRP) can assess the risk of stroke to some extent (OR value 1.02~2.37) because it is parallel with other target organ damage caused by hypertension. The anatomical and physiological basis for assessing the risk of stroke using hypertensive retinopathy includes: the cerebral arterioles are similar in diameter to the retinal arteries, the inner retina and brain microcirculation have similar barrier functions, and the endothelial cell structures of the brain and retinal capillaries are similar. Methods for assessing stroke risk using hypertensive retinopathy include the use of software for retinal vessel diameter measurements and retinal vessel bifurcation angle measurements on the fundus photographs. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  312-317)

Tacrolimus for the treatment of eye diseases

ZHANG Cai-jie, ZHAO Shao-zhen.

2018, 42(5):  318-322.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.006

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Tacrolimus (FK506), a novel immunosuppressant, has been used in liver transplantation and atopic dermatitis since it was discovered in 1984. In the field of eye diseases, eyedrops of tacrolimus has shown efficacy in immune-based inflammatory disorders (such as immune conjunctival and corneal diseases including vernal keratoconjunctivitis, refractory allergic conjunctivitis and autoimmune conjunctivitis). As research developed, eyedrops of tacrolimus has been widely applied in graft-versus-host disease, corneal graft rejection, and oral or intravitreal injection of tacrolimus applied in refractory uveitis. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  318-322)

Surgical management of secondary intraocular lens implantation after ocular trauma

QIAN Yu-jing, LI Song-feng, WEI Wen-bin

2018, 42(5):  323-328.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.007

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Surgical secondary artificial intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a standard procedure in posttraumatic aphakia. The status of the posterior capsule may vary from intact to partially deficient or totally absent. If there is adequate capsular support, the preferred site for secondary implantation will be the ciliary sulcus； the options for the surgical correction of aphakia without capsular support include implantation of an anterior chamber intraocular lenses(ACIOLs), iris-fixated intraocular lenses(IFIOLs) and scleral-fixated intraocular lenses(SFIOLs). Each surgical treatment option has its set of advantages and disadvantages. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  323-328)

New advance on endogenous endophthalmitis

FAN Yuan-yuan1, WEI Wen-bin2.

2018, 42(5):  329-337.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.008

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Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is intraocular infection results from hematogenous seeding of the eye by bacteria or fungi. Visual outcome was poor in the majority of cases and mortality rate were frequently observed. Because multiple pathogenetic factors play a role, immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients both have the risk of EE.Lack of characteristic features in clinical manifestations that require rapid diagnosis and treatment to save vision. Cultures of the vitreous, aqueous, blood cultures and molecular diagnostic techniques, those have been used in research laboratories for rapid diagnosis are still being explored. Treatment essential for endogenous endophthalmitis are systemic therapy for the underlying infection and intravitreal antibiotics simultaneously, some cases also benefit from a surgical vitrectomy. Integration of medicine provides the reasonable management for EE patients. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  329-337)

Progress of research on stem cell in lens regeneration

YAN Chu-fan, ZHANG Jin-song.

2018, 42(5):  338-342.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.009

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Regenerated lentoid bodies can be induced by embryonic stem cell or induced pluripotent stem cell up to now.The lentoid bodies have morphological and biological functions to some extent,which makes it a research model for lens disease, and it also provides a new way for cataract treatment.Currently,scientists found that FGF,Wnt and TGFβ/BMP signaling pathways play important roles in this procedure, and they can promote the proliferation of epithelial cells and the differentiation of epithelial cells into fibroblasts and so on.The purpose of this article is to review the regenerated lentoid bodies induced by stem cell and mainly signal pathways in this procedure. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  338-342)

The effect of eye cosmetics on ocular surface

XU Qian-hui, LI Qing-hai, SHAO Yi.

2018, 42(5):  343-347.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.010

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Nowadays, eye cosmetics are becoming more and more popular. However, these eye cosmetics not only bring beauty to users, but also quietly bring some problems: for example, the short-term use of eye cosmetics may lead to allergic dermatitis, and long-term use may have some impact on the tarsal gland, lacrimal duct system and conjunctiva. At present, there are few studies on the relationship between eye cosmetics and eye diseases. However, existing studies have shown that after various eye cosmetics are used, the particles and pigments can adhere to the surface of the tear film, and experiments have confirmed that some eye cosmetics and anti-aging products may accumulate in the conjunctival sac after the use of many years, thereby affecting the stability of the tear film. Some scholars have proposed that one of the important reasons why some eye cosmetics can cause dry eyes is that retinoic acid in the formula affects the function of the eyelid gland. In addition, in people wearing contact lenses and long-term use of eye cosmetics, pigment components of eye cosmetics can contaminate on the contact lens surface, so that users gradually appear dry eyes and other symptoms of discomfort.(Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  343-347)

The role of the Wnt signaling pathway in limbal stem cells

ZHAO Song-jiao, LE Qi-hua.

2018, 42(5):  348-353.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.011

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Limbal stem cells (LSCs), the basal layer of the limbal epithelium, are essential for maintenance of corneal epithelium structural integrity and corneal epithelial healing after damage. Wnt signaling pathway include canonical signaling pathway (namely Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway) and non-canonical signaling pathways (namely Wnt-Ca2+ signaling pathway and Wnt/JNK signaling pathway). Wnt signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways that participate in the regulation of proliferation of tumor cells and stem cells. It plays an important role in the regulation of the differentiation and proliferation of LSCs.And it is of great significance and might act as a potential target in the translational research of limbal stem cell deficiency. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  348-353)

Advances in genetic research of primary angle closure glaucoma

WU Jian, QIAO Chun-yan.

2018, 42(5):  354-359.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2018.05.012

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Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) has a particularly high incidence among Chinese, Indians and Eskimo populations. Studies have shown that family history and race are closely related to the occurrence and development of PACG disease. Some recent Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)  have identified eight candidate genes (PLEKHA7, COL11A1, PCMTD1-ST18, EPDR1, CHAT, GLIS3, FERMT2, DPM2-FAM102) related to PACG, and five loci were determined by the Meta analysis. HGF, MFRP, MMP9, and NOS3 four genes are associated with PACG, and HSP70 is associated with primary angle-closure disease (PACD). Morphologically, anterior chamber depth (ACD) is considered to be significantly correlated within the genome range, but the results are still different in the validation trials. These indicate that the participation of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of PACG is still complicated, and need to be supported by large-scale population genetics research also molecular experiments. This article reviews the current genetic development of PACG and analyzes the current research status. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2018, 42:  354-359)