眼科 ›› 2013, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 397-404.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

视网膜微血管异常的5年发病率及其与高血压的相关性

王爽  徐亮  Jonas Jost B  王亚星  游启生  王云松  杨桦  周金琼  刘雪   

  1. 100005 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院 北京同仁眼科中心 北京市眼科研究所 北京市眼科学与视觉科学重点实验室(王爽、徐亮、王亚星、游启生、王云松、杨桦、周金琼、刘雪);德国海德堡大学曼海姆临床医学院眼科(Jonas Jost B)
  • 收稿日期:2013-08-30 出版日期:2013-11-25 发布日期:2013-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 徐亮,Email:xlbio1@163.com E-mail: xlbio1@163.com

Five-year incidence of retinal microvascular abnormalities and its associations with arterial hypertension

WANG Shuang1, XU Liang1, JONAS Jost B2, WANG Ya-xing1, YOU Qi-sheng1, WANG Yun-song1,  YANG Hua1, ZHOU Jin-qiong1, LIU Xue1   

  1. 1. Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing 100005, China; 2. Department of Ophthalmology,  Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
  • Received:2013-08-30 Online:2013-11-25 Published:2013-12-10
  • Contact: XU Liang, Email: xlbio1@163.com E-mail: xlbio1@163.com

摘要: 目的 描述“北京眼病研究”人群从2001年至2006年5年随访间非糖尿病老年人中视网膜微血管异常的累积发病率,并分析其与高血压的相关性。设计 人群为基础的队列研究。研究对象 “北京眼病研究”基线人群中参加2006年随访调查者3251人。方法 对每位受检者在基线调查和随访调查时均进行了问卷调查和全面的眼科检查,其中包括散瞳后彩色眼底照相。每位受检者随机选一眼进行眼底照片中视网膜血管异常的评价。评价指标包括局限性视网膜动脉缩窄(FN)、动静脉交叉压迫征(AVN)和视网膜病变,评价采用半定量的方法进行。问卷调查以了解一般情况、眼部及全身疾病史、治疗史和吸烟饮酒史。随访调查时进行了身高、体重和血压测量,并收集空腹血液标本检测血糖、血脂。考虑的危险因素包括:年龄、性别、城乡、人均收入、教育程度、高血压、高血脂、冠心病病史、脑卒中病史、糖尿病、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟饮酒、眼局部可能相关疾病(青光眼、老年性黄斑变性和中央/分支视网膜静脉阻塞等)和屈光状态等。通过对比基线和5年随访时受检者视网膜微血管的变化,确定视网膜微血管异常的5年发病率和改变情况(进展或消退)。根据治疗情况,将高血压患者分为血压控制的治疗组、未控制的治疗组和未治疗组。比较血压正常者与高血压病患者、不同高血压治疗情况组间视网膜微血管异常的发病率、进展率和好转率的差异。主要指标 视网膜微血管异常的发病率、进展率和好转率。结果 排除患有糖尿病或任何视网膜视神经疾病等眼局部病变的患者后,2058例受检者纳入本研究,其中女性1409例(68.5%)。平均年龄(53.8±9.5)岁。FN、AVN和视网膜病变的5年累积发病率分别为4.1%,1.4%和3.3%。高血压患者中FN、AVN和视网膜病变的5年发病率明显高于血压正常者(P均<0.01)。对年龄、性别和居住地区进行调整后,平均动脉压每增加10 mmHg,FN、AVN和视网膜病变的5年发病率分别增加1.58倍(95% CI:1.24~2.00;P<0.001),1.55倍(95% CI:1.04~2.32;P=0.03),1.46倍(95% CI:1.12~1.91;P=0.005)。对年龄、性别和居住地区进行调整后,高血压分级每增加1级,FN好转率减少28%。相应的,血压控制组的FN的好转率(44.4%)明显高于未控制组(22.6%)和未治疗组(11.5%)(P=0.01)。结论 在非糖尿病患者中,高血压与视网膜微血管异常的发病率和进展变化具有强相关性。血压控制理想者的视网膜微血管异常发病率较低,局限性动脉缩窄消退率较高。这表明如果高血压控制良好,作为视网膜微血管异常的早期表现,局限性视网膜动脉缩窄是可逆的。

关键词: 视网膜微血管异常, 高血压, 发病率

Abstract: Objective To describe the 5-year incidence of retinal microvascular abnormalities and analyze their associations with arterial hypertension in nondiabetic elderly Chinese subjects in urban and rural Beijing. Design Population-based cohort study. Participants  3251 subjects who had participated in the Beijing Eye Study 2001 and were returned for reexamination in the Beijing Eye Study 2006. Methods By using fundus photographs, we determined the 5-year incidence and change (progression or regression) of retinal microvascular abnormalities, including focal narrowing (FN) of retinal arterioles, arteriovenous nicking (AVN), and retinopathy. Arterial hypertension was graded as controlled treated arterial hypertension, uncontrolled treated arterial hypertension, and untreated arterial hypertension. Main Outcome Measures Incidence, worsening, and regression rate of retinal microvascular abnormalities. Results After excluding patients with diabetes mellitus or any retinal or optic nerve disease, 2058 subjects (1409 women [68.5%]) were included in the study. The mean age of subjects was 53.8±9.5 years. The 5-year accumulated incidence of FN, AVN, and retinopathy was 4.1%, 1.4%, and 3.3%, respectively. Adjusted for age, gender, and region of habitation, the 5-year incidence of FN, AVN, and retinopathy increased 1.58 times (95%CI: 1.24~2.00, P<0.001), 1.55 times (95% CI: 1.04~2.32, P=0.03), and 1.46 times (95% CI: 1.12~1.91, P=0.005) respectively for every 10 mmHg increase in mean arterial blood pressure. After adjusting for age, gender, and region of habitation, the rate of regression of FN decreased by 28% with every increase in the grade of the arterial hypertension classification. Correspondingly, the rate of regression of FN was significantly higher in the group with controlled arterial hypertension (44.4%) than in the uncontrolled (22.6%) and untreated (11.5%) groups (P=0.01). Conclusion Arterial hypertension was strongly associated with the incidence and longitudinal change of retinal microvascular abnormalities in nondiabetic subjects. Better control of arterial hypertension was correlated with a decreased incidence of retinal microvascular abnormalities and an increased regression rate of FN. This suggests that retinal FN, as potentially the first step of retinal microvascular abnormalities, is reversible if arterial hypertension is controlled.

Key words: retinal microvascular abnormalities, systemic hypertension, incidence