眼科 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 197-202.doi: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2026.03.003

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

血清抗视网膜抗体在自身免疫性视网膜病变中的表达及与临床特征的关联

黄俊恺1 刘谦2 张子俊2 曹凯2 张敬学2 曾惠阳2    

  1. 1首都医科大学生物医学工程学院,北京100069;2首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院 北京同仁眼科中心 北京市眼科研究所,眼科学与视觉科学北京市重点实验室,北京 100730;
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-26 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 曾惠阳,Email:zhydr@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:
     国家自然科学基金(81100675);北京市自然科学基金(7192034);北京市眼科研究所重点突破项目(2019006)

Expression of serum anti-retinal antibodies in the autoimmune retinopathy and their association with clinical features

Huang Junkai1, Liu Qian2, Zhang Zijun2, Cao Kai2, Zhang Jingxue2, Zeng Huiyang2   

  1. 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069;  2 Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730; 
  • Received:2025-09-26 Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-05-25
  • Contact: Zeng Huiyang, Email: zhydr@hotmail.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (81100675); Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7192034); Key Research Program of Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology (2019006)

摘要:  目的  探讨自身免疫性视网膜病变(autoimmune retinopathy,AIR)患者血清抗视网膜抗体(anti-retinal antibody,ARA)的表达及其与临床特征之间的关系。设计  前瞻性比较性病例系列。研究对象 确诊的AIR患者、视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa,RP)患者(疾病对照组)及健康人。方法  招募2019年9月~2025年2月就诊于北京同仁医院的临床高度疑似AIR患者148例、RP患者50例及健康人59例,通过免疫印迹法检测受试者血清中ARA的存在,包括总的数量(条带数)及抗恢复蛋白(recoverin)、α-烯醇化酶(α-enolase)及碳酸酐酶-II(carbonic anhydrase,CA-II)抗体的表达。比较各组间ARA的表达差异,分析确诊AIR患者中ARA与临床特征,包括最佳矫正视力(best-corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、中央视网膜厚度(central retinal thickness,CRT)、视野及视网膜电流图(electroretinography,ERG)的相关性。主要指标  ARA、BCVA、CRT、视野、ERG。 结果  经血清学检测验证,148例临床疑似AIR患者均呈ARA阳性并最终确诊为AIR。除抗α-enolase抗体(P=0.0126)外, AIR患者血清中ARA的总数量、抗recoverin及CA-II抗体与疾病及健康人对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P值分别为0.1780、0.1056及0.5476)。AIR患者抗α-enolase抗体的表达明显高于疾病对照组(P=0.010)及健康人对照组(P=0.018)。抗体阳性数量及种类与疾病诊断无显著相关。在AIR患者中,抗recoverin和α-enolase抗体分别与ERG a 波潜伏期延长 (β=501.01,P=0.0001)及CRT薄变(β=-0.0401,P=0.013)相关。结论  单纯依靠血清中ARA的表达情况对AIR的诊断价值有限,必须结合临床特征进行综合评估。特定种类的ARA不但参与AIR的发病机制,而且与疾病严重程度相关。

关键词: 自身免疫性视网膜病变, 抗视网膜抗体

Abstract: Purpose To investigate the expression of serum anti-retinal antibodies (ARAs) in a large cohort of patients with autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) and to explore their association with clinical features. Design Prospective comparative case series. Participants Patients with confirmed AIR, disease controls with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and healthy controls. Methods  From September 2019 to February 2025, 148 clinically highly suspected AIR patients, 50 RP patients, and 59 healthy individuals presenting to Beijing Tongren Hospital were enrolled. Serum ARAs were detected using immunoblotting, including the total number of antibodies (band counts) and the presence of antibodies against recoverin, α-enolase, and carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II). Analyses were performed to compare ARA expression among groups and to assess correlations between ARAs and clinical features in AIR patients, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness, visual field, and electroretinogram (ERG). Main Outcome Measures  ARAs, BCVA, central retinal thickness, visual field, and ERG. Results Serological testing verified that all 148 clinically suspected cases were positive for ARAs and were ultimately confirmed as AIR.  Except for α-enolase antibodies(P=0.0126), there were no statistically significant differences in the total number of ARAs or in the antibodies against recoverin or CA-II between AIR patients and either disease or healthy controls (P value was 0.1780、0.1056 and 0.5476 respectively). Anti-α-enolase positivity was significantly higher in the AIR patients than in the disease (P=0.010) and healthy controls (P=0.018).The number and types of positive antibodies were not significantly associated with disease diagnosis. In AIR patients, recoverin and α-enolase antibodies were correlated with prolonged ERG a-wave implicit time (β=501.01,P=0.0001) and decreased central retinal thickness (β=-0.0401,P=0.013 ), respectively. Conclusions  Serum ARAs alone have limited diagnostic value for AIR and must be interpreted in conjunction with clinical features. Certain ARA subtypes may contribute to AIR pathogenesis and are associated with disease severity. 

Key words:  Autoimmune retinopathy, Antiretinal antibody