关键词: 人类免疫缺陷病毒, 巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎, 诊疗指南

Abstract:  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are prone to opportunistic infections due to immunosuppression, with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) being the most vision-threatening retinal disease. Untreated CMVR can lead to irreversible vision loss. In China, uneven distribution of primary healthcare resources and insufficient retinal screening rates among HIV-infected populations, coupled with the lack of standardized protocols for CMVR management, hinder timely intervention. This guideline focuses on CMVR as the core subject, establishing a comprehensive "screening-diagnosis-treatment-follow-up" framework based on multicenter evidence. It optimizes screening pathways by integrating ophthalmoscopy and ultra-widefield fundus photography, clarifies antiviral strategies for induction and maintenance phases, and proposes a CD4+T lymphocyte-stratified follow-up mechanism. For the first time, this guideline advocates a multidisciplinary collaboration model led by infectious disease hospitals to standardize CMVR management. It aims to reduce blindness rates, improve vision-related quality of life, and provide Chinese practice references for global HIV-related ocular disease prevention and control. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 81-87)

Key words:  human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus retinitis, diagnosis and treatment guidelines