Abstract: Objective To retrospectively analyze the aqueous humor virus of 25 patients with viral infectious anterior uveitis (AU). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 25 cases (25 eyes) of AU who were clinically suspected of viral infection. Methods All patients were record the history of viral infection, and performed serum immunological examinations, routine eye examinations (including visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp, indirect ophthalmoscope examination, etc.), and detected aqueous virus by real-time (RT-PCR) technology. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between clinical manifestations and positive virus detection by PCR. Main Outcome Measures RT-PCR virus detection. Results 12 patients (48%) had a history of viral infection, and 7 patients (28%) had a history of overwork. RT-PCR was positive in 14/25(56%), and the positive of VZV, HSV1/2 and CMV was 9/25(36%), 4/25(16%) and 1/25(4%), redpectively. 19 eyes (76%) were sensitive with anti-virus therapy. Corneal edema（OR=2.006，P=0.043）, high IOP (OR=1.905，P=0.013) and pigmented KP (OR=1.31，P=0.014) or fine KP (OR=1.41，P=0.014) were significantly related with PCR positivity. Conclusion The detection of aqueous humor virus by RT-PCR has a good application value in the diagnosis of viral infectious anterior uveitis. Corneal edema, high IOP, pigmented KP or tiny gray white KP are associated with viral infection of anterior uveitis. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2021, 30: 421-424)

Key words: viral anterior uveitis, aqueous humor