Abstract:  Objective To evaluate the influence of ocular hypertension to corneal endothelium cell density in eyes with forward migration of silicone oil into the anterior chamber in treated endophthalmitis with vitrectomy. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 19 eyes of 19 cases with endophthalmitis after surgery of lens extraction, vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade from Nov. 2006 to Nov. 2011 in Beijing Tongren Hospital. Method All the eyes were filled with silicone oil after vitrectomy. According to intraocular pressure before silicone oil removal from Nov 2006 to Nov 2011 in Beijing Tongren Hospital, 19 eyes were classified into two groups: group A (IOP＞21 mm Hg) 12 eyes and group B (IOP≤21 mm Hg) 7 eyes. The corneal endothelial cell densities of 19 eyes were observed 1 month after removal of silicone oil. Main Outcome Measures IOP and corneal endothelial cell densities. Results One month after removal of silicone oil, corneal endothelial cell densities≥1000/mm2 was found in 2 cases of group A (2/12, 16.7%), 5 cases of group B(5/7, 71.4%); corneal endothelial cell densities <1000/mm2 was found in 10 cases of group A(10/12, 83.3%), 2 cases of group B(2/7, 28.6%). The difference was significant (P=0.045). The corneal endothelial cell densities≥1400/mm2 was found in 1 case of  group A (1/12, 8.3%),  5 cases of group B  (5/7, 71.4%) respectively; corneal endothelial cell densities<1400/mm2 was found in 11 cases of groupA (11/12, 91.6%), 2 cases of group B(2/7, 28.6%). The difference was significant (P=0.01). Conclusion The high ocular hypertension in eyes with forward migration of silicone oil into the anterior chamber may cause great damage to corneal endothelial cell densities. （Ophthalmol CHN, 2012, 21: 348-351）

Key words: endophthalmitis, vitrectomy, silicone oil/complication, corneal endothelium