Ophthalmology in China ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 81-87.doi: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.001

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Screening, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-infected patients (2025)

Ophthalmology Group of China Alliance for Rare Diseases/Beijing Society of Rare Disease Clinical Care and Accessibility    

  • Received:2025-02-19 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-13
  • Contact: Wei Wenbin, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Intraocular Tumors, Key Laboratory of Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blind Eye Disease Prevention and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing 100730, China, Email： weiwenbintr@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (82220108017, 82141128); The Capital Health Research and Development of Special (2024-1-2052); Science & Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z201100005520045); Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM202311018)

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Abstract:  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are prone to opportunistic infections due to immunosuppression, with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) being the most vision-threatening retinal disease. Untreated CMVR can lead to irreversible vision loss. In China, uneven distribution of primary healthcare resources and insufficient retinal screening rates among HIV-infected populations, coupled with the lack of standardized protocols for CMVR management, hinder timely intervention. This guideline focuses on CMVR as the core subject, establishing a comprehensive "screening-diagnosis-treatment-follow-up" framework based on multicenter evidence. It optimizes screening pathways by integrating ophthalmoscopy and ultra-widefield fundus photography, clarifies antiviral strategies for induction and maintenance phases, and proposes a CD4+T lymphocyte-stratified follow-up mechanism. For the first time, this guideline advocates a multidisciplinary collaboration model led by infectious disease hospitals to standardize CMVR management. It aims to reduce blindness rates, improve vision-related quality of life, and provide Chinese practice references for global HIV-related ocular disease prevention and control. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 81-87)

Key words:  human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus retinitis, diagnosis and treatment guidelines