Abstract: Following all types of glaucoma filtration surgery, scarring still poses the major threat to longterm success. Many cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), interleukin (IL) and interferon (INF), are associated with the scarring progress after filtration surgery. Recently, many promising new agents were used therapeutically by binding to these molecular targets among scar regulation after glaucoma surgery. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of cytokines in the wound healing process after glaucoma surgery and promising new treatment modalities.