Abstract: With in-depth research on ocular biomechanics, the mechanical properties of ocular tissues such as the cornea, Bruch's membrane-choriocapillaris complex, retina, and lamina cribrosa have emerged as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of various ophthalmic diseases. The corneal stress-strain index(SSI), corneal hysteresis,(CH) and corneal resistance factor(CRF) can serve as early predictive indicators for myopia; the second version of the SSI (SSIv2) holds unique value in the subclinical diagnosis of keratoconus(KC); the "stiffening" caused by lipid deposition and calcification of the Bruch's membrane-choriocapillaris complex is a key biomechanical event in the initiation of age-related macular degeneration(AMD); increased retinal stiffness may occur earlier than the clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy(DR); and trabecular meshwork stiffening as well as changes in lamina cribrosa thickness(LCT) are closely associated with the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of biomechanics in the early diagnosis of myopia, KC, AMD, DR, and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, aiming to provide new theoretical foundations and technical approaches for the early diagnosis and intervention of ocular diseases.

Key words: Corneal stress-strain index, Young's modulus, Age-related macular degeneration, Lamina cribrosa, Ocular biomechanics