Ophthalmology in China

The status and challenges of tele-ophthalmology in China

LI Jian-jun, XU Liang, LIU Li-juan, WANG Shuang.

2017, 26(4): 217-219. doi:DOI：10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 001

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Tele-ophthalmology includes remote medical advice, remote screening, remote data archiving, remote consultation, remote outpatient service and remote

surgery, etc. Remote ophthalmic screening is of great significance for the early detection of common blindness eye diseases and ocular complications of systemic chronic diseases. Videoconferencing-based teleconsultation is a useful way to solve the diagnosis of complicated eye diseases. Tele-ophthalmology still belongs to the starting stage in China. Tele-ophthalmology services need further promotion. Medical personnel are the main technology support in tele-ophthalmology. Tele-ophthalmology service scope and standards need to develop. Tele-ophthalmology consistency with face-to-face clinic needs to be thorough research. The charging system and business model of tele-ophthalmology need to further explore. Artificial intelligence assisted remote image reading also needs to study and improve. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 217-219)

How to understand the causes and prevention and control mechanism of myopia in primary and secondary school students

XU Liang, LI Jian-jun, XU Jie.

2017, 26(4): 220-222. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 002

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High myopia has become the first blinding eye disease in Chinese. Primary and secondary school students are the window period of myopia development.

Therefore, the prevention and control of myopia is very important. This paper introduces the epidemiology of myopia and the hazards, causes and regularities of myopia. The upper and lower hemispheric contrast patterns help to understand the mechanism of myopia, especially ocular muscle accommodation, and axial compensation mechanisms in the near-seeing. A meta-analysis of clinical trials to assess how effective the prevention and control of myopia is also introduced. Errors of the prevention and control of myopia is warned. The new pattern of comprehensive prevention and control of myopia is proposed. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 220-222)

Analysis of GPR143 gene in Chinese Han patients with ocular albinism type 1

WEI Ai-hua1, ZHANG Ying-zi1, BAI Da-yong2, LIU Teng1, YANG Xiu-min1

2017, 26(4): 224-229. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 003

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Objective To explore the genotypes and mutational spectrum of OA1 (ocular albinism type1) in 12 Chinese Han patients by screening the GPR143 gene (G-protein coupled receptor 143). Design Gene mutation screening. Participants 12 clinically diagnosed OA1 patients and 120 unaffected subjects. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples. The amplified DNA segments were screened for mutations of GPR143 by direct Sanger sequencing. To exclude the previously unidentified mutations from polymorphisms, samples from 120 unaffected controls were sequenced for the same regions of variations. Main Outcome Measures Gene variation analysis. Results Ten GPR143 gene mutations were detected in twelve patients and seven of these were identified as novel mutations, including c.695C>T, c.688A>G, c.485G>A, c.250+1G>A, c.415delG, c.560dupG and c.208_218del11. Conclusion The findings of this study expand the gene mutation spectrum of GPR143, which is useful to the genetic testing and genetic counseling of Chinese OA patients. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 224-229)

Levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma

ZHANG Yong, YANG Qin-mei, GUO Feng, CHEN Xia, XIE Lin.

2017, 26(4): 229-233. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 004

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Objective To compare the difference of the concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor of patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Design Experimental study. Participants This study included 16 eyes with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma, 16 eyes with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma, and 22 eyes with cataract. Methods The concentrations of nine cytokines in aqueous humor were measured with the Luminex suspension array technique. The clinical characteristics of patients were also obtained for correlation analysis. Significant level was P=0.0167. Main Outcome Measures The concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-γ(IFN-γ), interleukin-6，(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), platelet derived growth factor-AA(PDGF-AA), PDGF-AB, RANTES and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in aqueous humor. Results Compared with those from the senile cataract group, the concentrations of G-CSF, PDGF-AA, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES and TNF-α were significantly higher in the aqueous humor samples from acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (all P<0.0167), and the concentrations of G-CSF, PDGF-AA, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 were significantly elevated in the aqueous humor of patients with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (all P<0.0167). There was no significant difference in the concentration of inflammatory factors between acute primary angle-closure glaucoma and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (all P>0.0167 ). Conclusions In addition to acute angle closure glaucoma, chronic angle closure glaucoma also had inflammation in ocular anterior segment. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 229-233)

Analysis of glaucoma proportion of glaucoma clinic in Beijing Tongren Hospital in 2014-2016

YAN Wei-yu1, LI Jian-jun1, XU Liang1, ZHAO Jing1,XU Jie1, LIU Li-juan1, WANG Li-bo2.

2017, 26(4): 234-237. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 005

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Objective To analyze the proportion of glaucoma in glaucoma clinic of Beijing Tongren Eye Center during 2014-2016 years. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 4383 glaucoma patients of Beijing Tongren Eye Center glaucoma clinic from 2014 to 2016. Method To review the electronic medical records of glaucoma patients on PACS of Beijing Tongren Hospital. The diagnostic type, gender and age of the patients were calculated by SPSS11.0 software. Main Outcome Measures Constituent ratio. Result There were 8108 outpatient patients in 3 years, including 4383 glaucoma patients (54.1%). The 3 years accumulated constituent ratio of chronic angle closure glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, acute angle closure glaucoma, primary infantile glaucoma, juvenile glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, glaucomatocyclitic syndrome and normal tension glaucoma accounted for 39.0%, 30.1%, 10.3%, 1.9%, 4.2%, 3.7%, 1.5%, 0.2%, respectively. Chronic angle closure glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, acute angle closure glaucoma, primary infantile glaucoma, juvenile glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, glaucomatocyclitic syndrome in male accounted for 26.0%, 59.4%, 21.1%, 66.3%, 65%, 64.8%, 73.4%, respectively. The average age of patients was 62.6± 9.8, 52.5 ±15.1, 65.3 ±9.1, 10.7±11.5, 21.1 ±5.9, 56.8±15.7, and 37.0 ±14.5 years old, respectively. Conclusion Primary glaucoma accounts for 3/4 of glaucoma patients in glaucoma clinic of Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2014 to 2016, in which half of the patients are primary angle closure glaucoma, 30% are primary open-angle glaucoma. Compared with primary open-angle glaucoma, primary angle closure glaucoma is with older and is more common in women. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 234-237)

Ocular anterior segment parameters and the variations under light and dark conditions with AS-OCT

WU Ruo-xin1, LI Jin-ying2, KE Rui-li2.

2017, 26(4): 238-243. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 006

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Objective To measure and evaluate ocular anterior segment static parameters and the dynamic changes in anterior chamber (AC) morphology under light and dark condition respectively in fellow eyes of acute angle-closure patients, the eyes with asymptomatic narrow angles(primary angle-closure suspects, PACS) and normal open-angle eyes using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Design Comparative case series. Participants 36 fellow eyes of patients with acute angle closure; 120 PACS eyes; and 144 normal open-angle eyes from Peking University Shenzhen Hospital and Zhejiang Hospital. Methods All the participants were imaged under light and dark conditions using AS-OCT. Main Outcome Measures The anterior segment data from AS-OCT under light and dark conditions, include pupil diameter (PD), iris area (IA), angle open distance (AOD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular iris area (TISA), angle recess area (ArA). Results The static anterior segment anatomic parameters did not differ significantly between the fellow eyes and the PACS eyes. When going from light to dark, the change of pupil diameter was more significant in the normal eyes than the fellow eyes and the PACS eyes. The mean iris area increased significantly in the fellow eyes (+5.83%), whereas it decreased in most PACS eyes (-3.50%), but not as significant as normal open angle eyes (-12.50%, P=0.004). The change rate of IA (IA%) and IA% per mm2 PD change (ΔIA%/ΔPD) differ significantly between the fellow eyes and the PACS eyes (P=0.036). The AOD, ACA, TISA and ARA decrease when going from light to dark, but the variations did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion The static parameters alone had poor predictive power to identify eyes that will have the angle closure in future. The dynamic change of iris area in the fellow eyes and PACS eyes were significantly different. The abnormal dynamic behavior of the iris occurring in anatomically may predisposed eyes is a high risk of angle closure. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 238-243)

Analysis of postoperative medical disputes in senile cataract patients

LIU Wen-ya1, SONG Xu-dong1, LIU Shi2, GE Zhi-tao2, LI Lei1.

2017, 26(4): 243-247. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 007

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Objective To analyze the causes of medical disputes after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in senile cataract patients. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 58 cases of senile cataract patients with disputes after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2012 to 2016. Methods The proportion of postoperative disputes, gender, age, sequence of eyes, main contents of complaints and treatment results were statistically analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Dispute proportion and dispute factors. Result Of the 58 patients, 50 cases (86.21%) were 51~80 years old, 33 cases were female (56.90%) and 12 cases (20.69%) were operated on both eyes. The time of formal complaints to the hospital within 4~6 months after operation was 41 cases (70.69%). 16 cases (27.59%) were corneal edema, keratitis with symptoms of postoperative visual blurring, foreign body sensation, grinding pain. 15 cases (25.86%) were macular epiretinal membranes, macular edema and high myopia with no-increased or decreased visual acuity. 12 cases (20.69%) were vitreous opacity with postoperative floaters increased. 4 cases (6.90%) were postoperative IOL malposition with symptoms of ghosting, glare and dizziness. 3 cases (5.17%) were postoperative secondary glaucoma. 1 case (1.72%) was without IOL implantation caused by posterior capsule rupture. 1 cases (1.72%) was postoperative endophthalmitis, and 1 cases (1.72%) was lower near vision caused by postoperative ametropia. Conclusion Major reason of postoperative medical disputer in cataract patients is vision-retated symptom and unimprovement of visual acuity, and possiblity of the operative complications should be thoroughly communicated and explained to senile cataract patients before surgery. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 243-247)

Comparative study of visual performance of two types of rotationally asymmetric segmental-refractive multifocal intraocular lens

HUANG Yao, ZHANG Jing-shang, WANG Jin-da, LI Xiao-xia, XIONG Ying, LI Jing, WAN Xiu-hua.

2017, 26(4): 248-252. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 008

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Objective To compare visual performance of two types of rotationally asymmetric segmental-refractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 40 cases of cataract which got phacoemulsification combined with two types of rotationally asymmetric segmental-refractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation in Beijing Tongren Eye Center from October, 2015 to May, 2016. Methods Two types of rotationally asymmetric segmental-refractive multifocal IOL were implanted in capsular bags after phacoemulsification for cataract patients. A total of 40 patients (40 eyes) were analyzed with 20 patients (20 eyes) in each group. Three months postoperatively, the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corrected intermediate visual acuity (CIVA), corrected near visual acuity (CNVA), refractive power, and subjective symptom questionnaires were compared. Main Outcome Measures UDVA, UIVA, UNVA, CDVA, CIVA, CNVA, refractive power, subjective symptom questionnaires. Results Three months postoperatively, no significant differences in UDVA, CDVA, UIVA, CIVA or CNVA were found between the two groups (all P>0.05). The UNVA of MF 30 group was 0.26±0.14 (Logmar)，and the UNVA of MF 15 group was 0.36±0.13 (Logmar). The UNVA of MF 30 group was significantly better than MF 15 group (P=0.03). The subjective symptom questionnaire also did not demonstrate any significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusions Rotational asymmetric regional refractive multifocal intraocular lens MF 30 can get better near vision than MF15. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 248-252)

Agreement among measuring caliper, IOLMaster, and Pentacam in measurement of horizaotal corneal diameter

ZHANG Lei, ZHEN Jing, PIAO He-ni, LI Qing-qing, WANG Hui-ying, YE Zi-long.

2017, 26(4): 252-255. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 009

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Objective To compare horizontal corneal diameter [white-to-white (WTW) distance] measurements with measuring caliper, IOLMaster, and Pentacam in the patients before ICL implantation. Design Diagnostic test. Participants 23 cases (46 eyes) who underwent ICL implantation. Methods The preoperative horizontal corneal diameter was measured using measuring caliper, IOLMaster, and Pentacam. Analysis of the correlation and agreement were performed. Main Outcome Measures 95% limit of agreement (LoA). Results The mean WTW distance measurements were (11.60±0.34) mm as obtained with measuring caliper and (11.54±0.32) mm with Pentacam and (11.94 ± 0.35) mm with IOLMaster. Measuring caliper versus Pentacam, measuring caliper versus IOLMaster , Pentacam versus IOLMaster were highly correlated (r=0.895， 0.874, 0.897, respectively. all P=0.000). The 95% LoA for caliper versus Pentacam, caliper versus IOLMaster, Pentacam versus IOLMaster was (-0.24, 0.36) mm，(-0.68, 0.01) mm，(-0.70, -0.09) mm respectively. Conclusion Measuring caliper and Pentacam can be used interchangeably to measure WTW in clinical practice. Measuring caliper and IOLMaster, Pentacam and IOLMaster cannot be considered interchangeable, when it comes to measure WTW. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 252-255)

The correlations between choroidal thickness and degree of myopia in Chinese

SUN Qian, PENG Xiao-yan, ZHOU Yue-hua, SONG Xiu-mei, ZHENG Yan, LIU Qian, ZHANG Jing.

2017, 26(4): 256-262. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 010

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Objective To evaluate the correlations between choroidal thickness and degree of myopia in Chinese. Design Retrospective case series. Participants A total of 470 eyes (248 consecutive patients) were observed at the Tongren Eye Center. Method Choroidal and retinal biometry was measured using RTVue OCT[DL-Medsci1]. Choroidal thickness measurements were obtained manually at the point of fovea, and at 500, 1000, and 2000 μm apart from the fovea in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior directions. The mean retinal thickness was calculated by the software of the RTVue OCT. Main Outcome Measures Choroidal thickness, retinal thickness and axial length. Results There were no differences in the choroidal thickness at the fovea and each points between mild and moderate myopia (P>0.05), while there were differences between mild and high myopia, mild and super-high myopia, moderate and high myopia, moderate and super-high myopia, and high and super-high myopia (all P<0.001). There were no differences in the retinal thickness at the fovea (all P>0.05). Age (P=0.019) and macular choroidal thickness (P<0.01) were independently related to best corrected visual acuity (P<0.05). Both macular choroidal thickness and subfovea choroidal thickness was significantly different between the two groups of patients with and without normal best-corrected visual acuity. Conclusions Macular choroidal thickness could be associated with the development of myopia. The macular choroidal thickness could be a good indicator of myopic maculopathy. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 256-261)

Clinical analysis of penetrating keratoplasty for the children under 12 years old

ZHANG Ying-nan, LIANG Qing-feng, LIU Yang, MIAO Sen, ZHANG Jing, WANG Li,PAN Zhi-qiang.

2017, 26(4): 262-266. doi: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2017.04.011

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Objective To describe the etiology， and results of corneal graft after penetrating keratoplasty(PKP) in infants and young children, and to identify the risk factors for graft failure. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Eighty-one children (81 eyes) aged below 12 years old who underwent PKP in Beijing Tongren Hospital between January 2008 and December 2013. Method Eighty-one children were divided into two groups: infant group (≤3 years old) and young children group (>3 years ，≤12years old). All patients underwent PKP surgery. Mean follow-up time was 38.72±21.46 months. Main Outcome Measure Characteristics of the age, etiology, and the surgical procedure, graft clarity. Results The most common etiology for children PKP surgery included congenital corneal opacity 82.72%, acquired traumatic 6.17% and acquired nontraumatic 11.11%(infectious keratitis 3.70%, keratoconus 3.70%， graft failure 3.70%). There were significant difference in the etiology of congenital corneal opacity between infant group(93.88%) and young children group(65.63%) (P<0.01). The rate of PKP is 80.25%. There were difference in rate of merely PKP between infant group 89.80%（44/49）and young children group 75.00%（24/32）(P<0.05). The overall probability of maintaining a clear graft was 85.19% (69/81) at the last follow-up (infant group 81.63%, and young children group 90.63%, P>0.05). The rejection for congenital corneal opacity and sclerocornea was 12.31%. Eyes with the indications of corneal ulceration leading to perforation and graft rejection had significantly poor outcomes after the PKP. Conclusions The most common indications of PKP surgery for children under 12 years old was congenital corneal opacity. Although PKP is difficult in children, it has a reasonable chance of success. However, the anatomic success of PKP is increasing. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2015, 26: 262-266)

Effect of fundus laser combined with anisodine and triamcinolone acetonide on hemodynamics of retina in ischemiccentral retinal central vein occlusion

HAN Song, QI Yue, LI Dong-jun, GAO Li-qin.

2017, 26(4): 267-270. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 012

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Objective To observe the effect of fundus laser combined with anisodine and triamcinolone acetonide on hemodynamics of retinain ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Design Prospective cases series. Participants 90 patients (90 eyes) with ischemic central retinal vein occlusion from January 2014 to October 2015 in Tongren Hospital. Methods All the patients were randomly divided into group I, II, III, and treated with pan retinal laser photocoagulation (PRP) for 4 times, once a week. Group I was injected 1 ml (40 mg) triamcinolone acetonide in ipsilateral eye for once every 2 weeks. Group II was treated with 2 ml compound anisodine hydrobromide injection in superficial temporal artery subcutaneous for 30 days, once daily. Group III was treated with both anisodine and triamcinolone acetonide. Before and after treatment of 30 days, the hemodynamic parameters of the central retinal artery were detected with color Doppler ultrasonography. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured by EDTRS visual acuity chart and the central macular thickness (CMT) was examined with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Main Outcome Measures The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and the resistance index (RI) of the central retinal artery (CRA); maximum flow velocity (Vmax) and minimum flow velocity (Vmin) of the central retinal vein (CRV). Results The PSV and EDV of CRA in Ⅲ group were significantly higher than those in groupⅠand group Ⅱ (P<0.05). The RI in group III was lower than in groupⅠand group Ⅱ (P<0.05). Vmax and Vmin of the CRV in group III were significantly higher than those in group Ⅰand group Ⅱ (all P<0.05). The effect of visual of group III was significantly higher than that of group I and group II (P<0.05). CMT in group III was significantly lower than that in group I and II (P<0.05). Conclusion Fundus laser combined with anisodine and triamcinolone acetonide can improve the hemodynamics of central retinal venous occlusion and improve the curative effect. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 267-270)

The effect of β-chemokine on microglia and photoreceptor cells of mice in vitro

LIU Qian1, CHEN Yan2, WANG Yan-qiang2, ZENG Hui-yang1.

2017, 26(4): 270-275. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 013

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Objective To observe the activation of microglia and the photoreceptor cell apoptosis of mice induced by β-chemokines in vitro. Design Experimental study. Participants β-chemokine, BV-2 cells of mice, 661w cells of mice. Methods Activation of BV-2 cells were studied when β-chemokines (RANTES, MIP-1αandMIP-1β) were added. The cell death of 661w cells was observed when the supernatant of the activated BV-2 cells was added into the 661w cells. The 661w cell apoptosis was also studied when the β-chemokines were directly added. Met-RANTES (the inhibitor of β-chemokine) was added before hand and above markers were studied. Main Outcome Measures Calcium influx, ROS, NO, TUNEL positive cells. Results The calcium influxesas well as release of ROS, NO by the BV-2 cells was increased (P<0.01) after adding β-chemokine.The 661w cell death was elevated by 30% after adding the supernatant of activated microglia. Above markers can be inhibited by the β-chemokine inhibitors(ROS P<0.01, NO P=0.0187).There was no change when adding β-chemokine into 661w cells directly. Conclusions β-chemokines can activate microglia, which induce photoreceptor cell death by release of ROS or NO. Photoreceptor degeneration of RP mice may be protected by inhibition of β-chemokine inhibitors. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 270-275)

miR-130b acts an oncogene in retinoblastoma by targeting

PTEN LIU Zhao, TANG Yao-bing, YANG Yan-fang.

2017, 26(4): 276-281. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 014

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Objective To detect the function and molecular mechanism of miR-130b in retinoblastoma (RB). Design Experimental study. Participants RB tissues and cells. Methods The expression of miR-130b in 40 pairs of RB tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The MTT assay and Western blot analysis were performed to examine the proliferation and apoptosis abilities of RB cells. The target gene of miR-130b in RB cells was predicted with bioinformatics and verified with dual luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis. Main Outcome Measures The percentage of cell growth, the percentage of cell apoptosis and the activities of luciferase. Results The expression of miR-130b in RB tissues was significantly higher than matched adjacent normal tissues (P=0.023). miR-130b expression was also increased in HXO-Rb44 (P=0.008) and Y79 (P=0.012) cells compared with retinal microvascular endothelial cell ACBRI-181. Knock-down of miR-130b expression inhibited HXO-Rb44 (P=0.004) and Y79 (P=0.001) cells proliferation, and induced HXO-Rb44 (P=0.011) and Y79 (P=0.027) cells apoptosis. PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) was a target gene of miR-130b. The dual luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis showed that miR-130b could bind the mRNA 3’-UTR region of PTEN, inhibited translation of PTEN, and resulted in decreasing the protein expression of PTEN in (P=0.038) and Y79 (P=0.025) cells. Conclusions miR-130b was up-regulated in RB tissues. miR-130b promoted RB cell growth and inhibited cell apoptosis targeting PTEN, suggesting miR-215 may serve as a novel biomarker in treatment of RB. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 276-281)

Correlation between age and content of β-amyloid protein in aqueous humor of patients with cataract surgery at different ages

LI Zhen1, ZHANG Jian1, JIANG Hui-zhong1, LU Yan1,2

2017, 26(4): 282-285. doi:10. 13281/j. cnki. issn.1004-4469. 2017. 04. 015

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Objective To explore the correlation between age and β-amyloid protein (Aβ) content of aqueous humor in patients undergoing cataract surgery at different ages. Design Experimental study. Participants 210 patients with cataract treated by surgery, which mean age was 72.33±10.35 years old. Method All participants underwent systematic and ophthalmic examinations. When cataract surgery, the sample of aqueous humor was extracted with anterior chamber paracentesis. The contents of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 were detected with ELISA method. All the subjects were divided by age: group A (< 60 years), group B (60-69 years old), group C (60-79 years), group D (≥80 years). The differences of contents of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 in aqueous humor were compared among different age groups, the relationship between the contents of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 in aqueous humor and age was investigated. Main Outcome Measures The contents of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in aqueous humor. Results The content of Aβ1-40 in aqueous humor in group A, B, C, D was 80.91±9.33, 85.81±8.97, 85.46±11.22, 82.25±10.41 ng/ml respectively (F=2.399, P=0.069). The content of Aβ1-42 in aqueous humor in group A, B, C, D was 41.98±7.26, 42.46±5.75, 43.57±5.27, 42.80±6.04 ng/ml (F=0.719, P=0.543). Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 ratio in group A, B, C, D was 1.97±0.34, 2.04±0.23, 1.98±0.27, 1.95±0.33 (F=0.680, P=0.565). Conclusions There were no significant difference of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 ratio in aqueous humor of patients with cataract at different ages. The contents of Aβ-amyloid protein in aqueous humor have no obvious change with age. If the Aβ-amyloid protein content in the aqueous humor changes markedly, there may be a disease associated with impaired amyloid metabolism. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 282-285)

The comprehensive training of junior ophthalmologists

ZHANG Jing-shang, WANG Jin-da, WAN Xiu-hua.

2017, 26(4): 286-288. doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2017.04.016

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On comprehensive training of junior ophthalmologists, the professional training is important, at the same time to master some basic skills of other departments are necessary. In the process of learning skills, the junior ophthalmologists should have a positive and optimistic attitude. Good communication between doctors and patients is very important. In the doctor-patient communication should not only have a good communication with patients, but also for the families of patients should have a good communication. In addition, scientific research thinking and innovation consciousness of junior ophthalmologists is essential for the innovation and development of ophthalmology. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2017, 26: 286-288)

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