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Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 159-160，后插I.   Abstract （904）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and evaluation of a murine model of autoimmune retinopathy Liu Qian, Zhou Jian, Wu Shen, Zhang Zijun, Zhang Jingxue, Zeng Huiyang Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 142-147.   Abstract （898）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish and evaluate a murine model of autoimmune retinopathy. Design Animal experiment. Participants Eighteen C57BL/6J mice of 7~9 weeks old as experimental group and another six age-matched C57BL/6J mice as control group. Methods Mice in experimental group were immunized with recombinant mouse recoverin (200 μg/mouse) in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), while mice in control group were immunized with CFA-PBS. All of them were injected with 200 ng of pertussis toxin (PTX) day 0 and day 2 after immunization to facilitate cellular infiltration of the retina. The main indexes of the model were evaluated by western blotting, multi-modality imaging and pathological methods. Main Outcome Measures Presence of serum recoverin antibody, retinal findings and pathology were shown by slit-lamp examination, fundus photography, OCT, FFA, ERG, as well as HE staining of retinal cryosection at weeks 3, 6 and 8 after immunization. Results Presence of yellow fleck lesions in the deep retina was observed from 6 weeks and significantly progressed at weeks 8 post-immunization of recoverin. Damage of outer retinal elements on OCT, reduced amplitude of ERG response and leakage of fluorescent dyes were shown at weeks 6 or/and 8 post-immunization. Intrusion of inflammatory cells into retinal tissue with various degree were also found on the cryo-section of weeks 6 and 8 AIR model. The AIR model was tested positive for serum recoverin antibody from weeks 3 post-immunization and keep high level at weeks 6 and 8 after immunization. Conclusions A murine AIR model immunized with recoverin protein was successfully established and evaluated in terms of retinal features, pathological changes and presence of serum recoverin antibody. Its similarity with AIR patients made it a good tool for investigating the pathogenesis of the disease. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 142-147) Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 132-134.   Abstract （808）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 126-126.   Abstract （757）      PDF（pc） （316KB）（2516）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics of uveitis glaucoma hyphema syndrome Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 127-132.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.008 Abstract （739）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the clinical features of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 8 patients (8 eyes) diagnosed with UGH syndrome in the Eye Hospital affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2018 to 2022. Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with UGH syndrome were reviewed and the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis were sumarized. Main Outcome Measures Clinical characteristics and imaging findings. Results 8 UGH syndrome patients were attack from 1 to 6 months after IOL implantation. The average IOP was (42.91±11.54) mmHg, and there were different degrees of anterior chamber flare in all patients, 4 cases had hyphema and 4 cases had red blood cells on the aqueous smear. All cases had IOL deviation and contaction with iris and ciliary body. 2 cases of posterior concave of iris demenstrate IOL contactiont with posterior surface of iris. 4 cases exist IOL deviation and contact with posterior surface of iris. 1 case exists contact with ciliary body. One case was treated with drugs, two cases with posterior fovea of iris were treated with YAG laser iridotomy. One case each was treated with IOL repositioning, IOL replacement, IOL removal, glaucoma valve implantation, and ciliary body photocoagulation. All patients were followed up for 6 to 46 months after treatment. The anterior chamber flare and red blood cells in the anterior chamber disappeared, and the IOL contacting with the iris and ciliary body disappeared. Conclusion The clinical features of UGH syndrome are IOL contacting with iris or ciliary body after cataract surgery, high IOP, anterior chamber flare and red blood cells existing in the anterior chamber. Its treatment is to relieve the friction between IOL and iris or ciliary body. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 127-132) Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness before and after surgery of macular hole An Hongbang, Wang Shuna, Yu Tengfei, Wang Yixuan, Fan Shanshan, Cao Yongliang Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 148-153.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.011 Abstract （707）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To exploring the changes of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of two different types of macular holes before and after surgery to investigate the correlation between SFCT and their postoperative recovery. Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants From August 2021 to January 2022, 50 patients diagnosed with macular hole and treated with vitreo retinal surgery in the Ophthalmology Center of Weifang Medical College Affiliated Hospital were included. Methods The study subjects were divided into three groups: idiopathic macular hole (IMH) group, highly myopic macular hole (HMMH) group, and normal control group. The follow-up time points for the IMH and HMMH groups were preoperative, postoperative of 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Changes in SFCT were observed and the differences and similarities in SFCT value changes between the IMH and HMMH groups were compared. Main Outcome Measures SFCT and the closure status of the macular hole. Results The SFCT values of the normal control group, preoperative IMH group, and HMMH group decreased sequentially (F=71.33, P<0.001). The closure rate of macular holes in the IMH group after surgery was 91.4%, which was better than the 53.3% in the HMMH group. There were significant differences in SFCT values between the macular hole closure group and the non-closure group at each follow-up time point in both groups (P=0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001). In the IMH group, the SFCT values decreased sequentially 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery compared to preoperative values, with significant differences (F=37.89, P<0.001). In the HMMH group, the SFCT values decreased sequentially 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery, and were smaller 1 week after surgery than preoperative values (F=7.828, P=0.002). During the 1-week to 1-month postoperative period, the change in SFCT values was greater in the HMMH group than in the IMH group (P=0.001). In the IMH group, the base diameter of the macular hole was correlated with choroidal thickness 1 month after surgery (r=-0.345, P=0.043). In both the IMH and HMMH groups, the base diameter of the macular hole was correlated with the height of the macular hole (P≤0.001, 0.004). The base diameter of the macular hole was smaller in the IMH group than in the HMMH group (P=0.045). Conclusion After MH surgery, SFCT values will temporarily increase and then gradually decrease. Within 2-4 weeks postoperatively, the SFCT value in the fellow eye with HMMH decreases more significantly than in the fellow eye with IMH. SFCT may be an important factor that affects postoperative healing of macular holes. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 148-153) Related Articles | Metrics

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Cheng Yizhe, Hu Feng, Wang Ru, Dong Zhe, Miao Jingpeng, Li Qian, Chen Chunli, Wang Ge, Guan Wenxue, Peng Xiaoyan Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 135-142.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.009 Abstract （700）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To access the cytokines in aqueous humor (AH) of three entities of tubercular uveitis (TBU), including tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis (TBSLC), tubercular posterior uveitis and tubercular panuveitis (TPU-TBP) and tubercular retinal vasculitis (TRV). Design A case-control single-center retrospective study. Participants Twenty-six patients with TBU (including six patients with TBSLC, eight patients with TPU-TBP and 12 patients with TRV) were included and 27 patients with senile cataract were enrolled as the control group. Methods Their medical records and imaging data were reviewed and collected. AH samples were obtained at the initial visit or during cataract surgery. Data on the aqueous humor inflammatory cytokines were compared among the groups. The relation between the AH cytokine levels and some clinical characteristics was assessed. Main Outcome Measures Level of VEGF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1). Results The expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, bFGF and VCAM-1 in patients with TBU were significantly higher (all P<0.001) than that in control. VEGF, IL-6, IL-8 and VCAM-1 were significantly higher in TPU-TBP than in TBSLC (all P<0.05). VEGF was significantly higher in TRV than in TBSLC(P=0.02). No statistically significant differences were found between TPU-TBP and TRV. The expression of VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and VCAM-1 were significantly higher in patients with severe vitreous opacity (all P<0.05), and no statistically significant differences were found in cytokines in TRV with different severities. The linear regression results showed a positive correlation between the expression of bFGF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 and the interval time from onset to AH acquiring (P<0.05). Conclusions The different inflammation mechanisms may be involved in the three entities of TBU. The degree of vitreous opacity and the duration after onset could reflect the level of intraocular inflammation. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 135-141) Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term efficacy comparison of intravitreal aflibercept and dexamethasone sustained-release implantin on macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion Liu Yuhui, Wang Bei, Liu Gang Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (3): 197-201.   Abstract （654）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare and analyze the short-term clinical efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept and dexamethasone(DEX) sustained-releaseimplant on macular edema (ME) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Design Retrospective case series. Participants Thirty-six patients diagnosed with CRVO-ME in Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital from October 2018 to June 2021. Methods According to different therapeutic drugs, two groups were divided: aflibercept group (intravitreal aflibercept 0.5 mg) 17 cases (17 eyes), and DEX group (intravitreal DEX sustained-releaseimplant 0.7 mg) 19 cases (19 eyes). Clinical data between the two groups before surgery and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after surgery, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), serous retinal detachment height (SRDH), central retinal thickness (CRT), photoreceptor layer thickness (PLT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures BCVA, SRDH, CRT, PLT, IOP. Results There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative BCVA, SRDH, CRT, PLT, and IOP between the two groups (all P>0.05). One month after surgery, the BCVA, SRDH, CRT, and PLT of the two groups were better than before surgery (all P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). At 2 and 3 months after surgery, the SRDH in the DEX group was significantly lower than that of the aflibercept group (P=0.021, 0.017, respectively), however, there was no significant statistical difference in BCVA, CRT, and PLT between the two groups (all P>0.05). At 6 months after surgery, the CRT in the aflibercept group was lower than that of the DEX group, the PLT was significantly higher than that of the DEX group, and the BCVA was better than that of the DEX group (P=0.005, 0.029, 0.036, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in SRDH between the two groups (P=0.054). Conclusion Intravitreal aflibercept and DEX were proven effective for the patients with CRVO-ME, which significantly improve SRDH and CRT, and achieve visual benefits. Intravitreal DEX has better short-term efficacy in reducing SRD, with longer treatment intervals, while intravitreal aflibercept can maintain better visual outcomes during the treatment period. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 197-201) Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of cranio-orbital meningiomas Zhu Jianbo, Shi Jitong, Qiu E, Li Bin Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 39-44.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.007 Abstract （651）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and associated projnostic factors of cranio-orbital meningiomas. Design Retrospective study. Participants Fifty-six patients with 27 male and 29 female were recruited who were diagnosed to be cranio-orbital meningiomas by surgery or biopsy. Methods The clinical characteristics, imaging features, involvement lesions, histopathological grading, Ki-67 values, and treatment schemes of all the cases were reviewed retrospectively. The information of tumor progression (TP) and time to tumor progression was also obtained. The correlation of those variables and TP was analyzed by Logistic multivariate analysis. Main Outcome Measures clinical manifestation; MRI features (including T1WI and T2WI signal changes, enhancement degree, enhancement uniformity, and invasion range); the change of adjacent bone showed by CT bone window; treatment plan; histopathological grading; Ki-67 index; tumor progression and progression time. Results 35 cases (62.5%) had exophthalmos and 23 cases (41.1%) had decreased vision. The most involvement lesion of cranio-orbital meningioma was orbital apex (82.1%，46/56). 89.3% of cases showed iso-intensity on T1WI(50/56), and 80.4% of cases with slight hyper-intensity on T2WI(45/56), all the tumors (100%) showed obvious enhancement, and 16.1% of cases (9/56) showed heterogeneous enhancement after contrast media injection. Surgery is the most common treatment (98.2%, 55/56), with 11 cases (19.6%) performed adjuvant radiotherapy after operation. 42 cases had histopathogical grading WHO-I (75%), and 14 cases with WHO-II or III (25%). Ki-67 index was obtained in 38 cases with 6 cases showing the values of ≥5% (15.8%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables including operation method, enhancement pattern on MRI, brain involvement, WHO grading and Ki-67 value were correlated with TP significantly. Conclusion Orbital apex involvement is the most common feature of cranio-orbital meningiomas. Total tumor resection, homogeneous enhancement on MRI, no brain involvement, grading WHO-I and Ki-67 <5% were associated with better tumor prognosis significantly. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 39-44) Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the evaluation and treatment of ocular surface squamous epithelioma Yu Haozhe, Wu Wenyu, Zeng Weizhen, Chan Szyyann, Gao Shuang, Feng Yun, Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 120-126.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.007 Abstract （624）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the imaging, analysis ability and consistency of HR-OCT and AS-OCTA in ocular surface squamous epithelioma (OSSN) patients. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Seven OSSN patients who were admitted to Peking University Third Hospital from September 2017 to January 2021 were enrolled. Methods HR-OCT and AS-OCTA images were collected before and after treatment. HR-OCT and AS-OCTA results were interpreted by 3 senior ophthalmologists back-to-back under the same display and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to evaluate the reliability of measurement. Main Outcome Measures The characteristics of local lesions and their consistency measured by OCT and AS-OCTA before and after treatment. Results The clear boundary between the normal and abnormal epithelium, thickened hyperreflective epithelium, and the cutting plane between the lesion and the underlying tissue can be observed through HR-OCT. The inter-rater agreement coefficient for hyperreflective epithelial was 0.942 (95% CI： 0.805-0.989, P<0.001). After surgical resection of the tumor and local chemotherapy, the abnormal high reflection area in OCT can be found to disappear. AS-OCTA could clearly identify abnormal vessels, showing focal or scallop-like vessels at the lesion, part of the vessel branches into vein or terminal expansion to form a loop-like structure with an inter-rater agreement coefficient of 0.824 (P<0.001). After treatment, the abnormal vascular branches may be resolved or partially resolved, and patchy avascular areas may remain. In addition, HR-OCT and AS-OCTA are able to assess corneoconjunctival vascular abnormalities in patients with extensive invasion. Conclusions HR-OCT and AS-OCTA can be used to visualize OSSN lesions and vascular structural features with good agreement and are also suitable for patients with extensive invasion, which also the potentially powerful tools for non-invasive comprehensive assessment and objective monitoring of related vascular ocular surface diseases. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 120-126) Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of rigid gas permeable contact lens on aphakic infants with nystagmus and strabismus after congenital cataract surgery Liu Lizhou, Jiao Yonghong, Tang Ping, Lv Yanyun, Wu Jingjing, Peng Li Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 154-159.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.012 Abstract （606）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the effects of rigid gas permeable contact lens (RGPCL) on aphakic infants with nystagmus and strabismus after congenital cataract surgery. Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants 120 cases (176 eyes) of aphakic infants with nystagmus and strabismus after congenital cataract surgery were enrolled. Methods The treatment modality was determined by parents.67 cases (108 eyes) were fitted with spectacles and 53 cases (68 eyes) were fitted with RGPCL. Best corrected visual acuity, eye position, strabismus degree, and nystagmus of the two groups were reviewed at baseline and every 6 months for up to 3 years. Main Outcome Measures Best corrected visual acuity (LogMAR), with nystagmus or not, strabismus degree. Results The LogMAR visual acuity of the spectacles group and RGPCL group was (1.345±0.339) and (1.406±0.361) at the baseline, and improved to (1.106±0.342) and (0.547±0.270) at 3 years respectively. Best corrected visual acuity in RGPCL group at 3 years was better than the spectacles group (z=5.155, P<0.001)．There were 67 cases with nystagmus in the spectacles group at the baseline, and 67 patients remained after 3 years. In RGPCL group, there were 53 cases at the first time and 42 cases after 3 years. There was significant difference in the number of cases with nystagmus between the two groups at 3 years (P<0.001). In addition, the strabismus degree at 33 cm was also examined. In the spectacles group, 60(89.6%) cases had strabismus with degree < 15°, 7(10.4%) cases had 15°~30°strabismus degree and no cases had strabismus ＞30°. After 3 years, the cases with different strabismus degree were reviewed 37(55.2%), 26(38.8%) and 4(6.0%) respectively.  In RGPCL group, 49(92.5%) cases had strabismus with degree <15° and 4(7.5%) cases had 15°~30° strabismus degree. After 3 years, the cases became to 51(96.2%) and 2(3.8%) respectively. No cases had strabismus ＞30° before and after RGPCL  treatment. There was significant difference in the improvement of strabismus degree between the two groups (P<0.001). Conclusions Best corrected visual acuity (LogMAR) of the patients with RGPCL treatment for 36 months was better than those with spectacles. After wearing RGPCL for 3 years, nystagmus disappeared in about 20% patients, and the ratio of strabismus with degree <15° increased. The mechanism needs to be further studied. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 154-159) Related Articles | Metrics

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XEN gel stent implantation as a treatment option for glaucoma Qin Jiayin, Liu Yan, Jia Hongyan, Wang Tao Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 58-63.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.011 Abstract （579）      PDF（pc） （782KB）（2779）       Knowledge map    Save This article summarized the indications, surgical procedures, postoperative efficacy and safety of XEN gel stent implantation, and compared it with traditional trabeculectomy and other minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 58-63) Related Articles | Metrics

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Surgical choice of retinal retinal detachment below PVR C1 in intraocular lens eyes Yu Yajie, Zheng Pengfei, Zhang Ke, Zhou Haiying, Liu Wu Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (3): 192-196.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.03.003 Abstract （576）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe and compare the anatomical and functional outcome of scleral buckling (SB) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) to treat the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade C1 below in the intraocular lens (IOL) eyes. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 156 patients (156 eyes) with IOL diagnosed as RRD at the south district of Beijing Tongren Hospital were enrolled. Methods Review the patient records. According to the method of surgery, all patients included were divided into SB group (44 eyes) and PPV group (112 eyes). The general characteristics, left/right eyes, retinal detachment duration, number and shape of retinal holes, and the stage of PVR were recorded for both groups. The rate of retinal reattachment (after primary and final surgery), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and secondary surgery were observed and compared between the two groups at 6 months after surgery. We also analyzed the reasons for the second surgery. Main Outcome Measures The rate of retinal reattachment, BCVA, and secondary surgery at 6 months after primary surgery. Results There was no difference in gender, left/ right eyes, retinal detachment duration, number and shape of retinal holes, and the stage of (PVR) between SB group and PPV group (all P>0.05). The rate of retina reattachment after the initial surgery was 77.3% (34/44) in SB group, and 92.9% (104/112) in PPV group (χ2=7.52，P=0.006). The secondary PPV was underwent for the patients without retinal reattachment, and finally, all of them achieved anatomical success. In the cases with unattached retina after the primary surgery in SB group, except for one new retinal hole, the rest retinal holes were all located on the encircling ridge. The absence of retina reattachment was associated with the progression of PVR. In the PPV group, the unattached retina after the primary surgery was also associated with postoperative PVR. The BCVA (LogMAR) before and after surgery in the SB group were 1.1 (0.70, 1.80) and 0.75 (0.50, 1.00), respectively (P=0.003). And in PPV group, the BCVA (LogMAR) before and after surgery were 1.9 (1.53, 1.90) and 0.7 (0.50, 1.00), respectively (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative BCVA between these two groups (P=0.35). Conclusion For RRD with PVR less severe than grade C1 in IOL eyes, postoperative PVR is an important factor that affects the success rate of surgery. Although SB can achieve good surgical efficiency, PPV is superior to SB surgery in terms of retinal reattachment rate. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 192-196) Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and imaging characteristics analysis of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis Mao Yu, Cao Xusheng, Mo Bin, Peng Xiaoyan Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (3): 202-207.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.03.005 Abstract （568）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging features of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Six cases (6 eyes) with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis patients in Beijing Tongren Hospital from Aug. 2017 to Sep. 2022. Methods Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp ophthalmoscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green fundus angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were undergone. Goldmann-witmer coefficient and PCR assay in the ocular fluid were also recorded. All patients were treated with systemic antibiotics and corticosteroids for 4~6 weeks and followed up for 2~24 months. Main Outcome Measures Features of the fundus, FFA, ICGA and OCT. Results All patients had unilateral onset. The fundus showed a single and active focus with yellow-white focal retinochoroiditis, accompanied by vitritis. Two of the 6 cases had retinal vascular white sheath and 1 had an old lesion. Lesions in 4 cases were located in the posterior pole, while 2 were in the nasal mid-periphery. Three of the 6 cases had inflammation in anterior chamber. Lesion sizes ranged from (0.5×0.5) PD to (3.0×4.0) PD. The BCVA of the affected eye ranged from counting fingers to 0.5. The lesion appears as hypofluorescent or slightly hyperfluorescent in the early phase and showed varying degrees of fluorescence leakage in the late phase on FFA. Five cases had retinal vascular leakage and 4 had hyperfluorescence leakage of the optic disc in late stage. The lesions were consistently hypofluorescent on ICGA. OCT showed that lesions in 4 cases involved the entire layer of the retina, which were thickened and hyperreflective. Meanwhiles, choroid was thickened and single hyporeflective choroidal nodule could be found. The remaining 2 cases showed localized retinal thinning, and the inner retinal layer was collapsed with cavities. All 6 patients had macular epiretinal membrane or epiretinal membrane, including 1 case with vitreomacular traction. All 6 patients showed reduced activity of lesions after treatment, and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion The typical presentation of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is a unilateral, focal yellow-white lesion in posterior pole with vitritis. OCT shows involved the entire layer of the retina with the possibility of choroidal nodules. Clinical and imaging examinations can effectively diagnose the typical cases. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 202-207) Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy combined anterior chamber proliferative membrane interception in neovascular glaucoma Zhou Mengtian, Zhu Shuqing, Li Haoyu, Chen Qi, Xu Shuxia, Xie Yanqian, Le Rongrong, Wang Xiaojie, Zhang Shaodan, Liang Yuanbo, Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 21-26.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.004 Abstract （551）      PDF（pc） （1581KB）（2811）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of trabeculectomy combined with anterior chamber proliferative membrane interception (AC-PMI) on neovascular glaucoma (NVG).  Design Retrospective case series. Participants Twenty-eight patients (31 eyes) with NVG who underwent trabeculectomy combined with AC-PMI in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Methods Medical records of patients were reviewed and followed up at one day, one week, month 1, 3, 6, and 12-momth postoperatively. Repeated measured ANOVA was applied to compare pre- and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of anti-glaucoma medication. Kaplan-Meier survival-curve analysis was used to evaluate cumulative probability of surgery success.  Main Outcome Measures IOP, number of anti-glaucoma medication, surgery-related complications and success rate of operation. Results The mean follow-up was 11.3±3.8 months. The mean IOP decreased from (51.3±8.3) mmHg on 2(2, 3) medications before surgery to (14.2±5.1) mmHg (P<0.001) on 0(0, 0) medications (P=0.002) at 12 months post-operation, respectively. The cumulative complete success rate and qualified success rate were 72.6% and 87.3% at 12 months post-operation, respectively. The incidence of hypotension, hyphema, shallow anterior chamber, choroidal detachment and descemet’s membrane fold all were 3.2% (1/31). Conclusions Trabeculectomy combined with AC-PMI can effectively reduce and stabilize IOP in NVG patients, and is an alternative combined surgical approach for NVG. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 21-26) Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and multimodal imaging characteristics of perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex Mo Bin, Yang Xiaohan, Ji Haixia, Jiao Xuan, Zhou Haiying, Liu Wu Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 49-54.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.009 Abstract （546）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To observe the clinical characteristics and multimodal imaging characteristics of perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PEVAC). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 14 patients (14 eyes) with PEVAC in Beijing Tongren Eye Center during January 2011 to June 2022 were included. Methods The medical records data of all patients were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures The characteristics of color fundus image, FFA and OCTA; the blood flow density in different sections including whole image, fovea, parafovea, perifovea and 2 mm diameter. Results 14 patients (14 eyes) with PEVAC lesion included 9 females, with an average age of (63.21±6.69) years. There were 2 cases with diabetes and 4 cases with hypertension. On the color image, small red spots beside the fovea of the macula were seen in 7 cases, yellow white hard exudation changes were seen in 9 cases. FFA and ICGA showed punctate high fluorescence lesion with an average of (1.47±0.74); among them, 18 lesions were located at the temporal side of fovea and 4 lesions were at nasal side. The average distance from fovea to lesion was (690.68±168.68) μm. OCTA was performed in 8 cases. Blood flow signals were detected in the superficial retinal vascular layer in 1 case and in the deep retinal vascular layer in 7 cases. The blood flow density in different section of the superficial and deep layers was not statistically significant between the affected eye and the healthy eye (all P>0.05). Conclusion PEVAC often occurs in the elderly. It is manifested as a single or multiple large aneurysmal abnormality located in the inner layer of the retina that often occur in the temporal side of parafovea. It is often accompanied by exudative changes and rarely accompanied by bleeding. Abnormal blood flow signals can be detected in the deep or superficial retinal vascular layer. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 49-54) Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 153-153.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.019 Abstract （543）      PDF（pc） （464KB）（2251）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 26-26.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.022 Abstract （540）      PDF（pc） （193KB）（2630）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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How to use OCTA to help the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma Wu Lingling Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 1-5.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.001 Abstract （538）      PDF（pc） （765KB）（2771）       Knowledge map    Save The progress of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA ) in recent years makes it possible to quantitatively detect the blood flow of fundus microvessels due to its fast scanning speed and high resolution, and has good repeatability in detecting the blood flow around the optic disc and in the macular region, which shows the potential ability to diagnose and monitor glaucoma as a supplement of structural OCT and perimeter. In this manuscript, the following issues were discussed: (1) The main detection parameters of OCTA for glaucoma, including the superficial peripapillary vessel density, the superficial vessel density of the macular region, and the choroidal or deep-layer microvasculature dropout (CMvD); (2) The ability and characteristics of OCTA in detecting glaucoma compared with structural OCT and perimeter; (3) How to use OCTA to detect glaucoma. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 1-5) Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and distribution of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo in eyes Wan Yue, Fan Xiaowei, Wang Ningli Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 27-32.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.005 Abstract （523）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To investigate the expression profiles of mechanosensitive channel Piezo family members, Piezo1 and Piezo2, in eyes. Design Experimental study. Participants Nine eyes of 12-week-old adult male C57BL/6N mice, 3 eyes of adult male Piezo1td-Tomato mice, and one paraffin section of a human eyeball were used. Methods RNAscope fluorescence in situ hybridization in the frozen sections of the eyes of the C57BL/6N mice was performed to detect the expression of Piezo1 and Piezo2 mRNA. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of the eyeball tissues of C57BL/6N mice was performed to detect the relative expression of Piezo1 and Piezo2 mRNA. Western blot of the eyeball tissues of C57BL/6N mice was performed to detect the expression of Piezo1 and Piezo2 proteins. Immunofluorescence staining in the frozen sections of the eyes of Piezo1td-Tomato mice was performed to detect the expression of Piezo1-tdTomato protein. Immunofluorescence staining in the paraffin section of the human eyeball was performed to detect the expression of Piezo1-tdTomato protein. Main Outcome Measures Relative fluorescence intensity and cycle threshold (Ct value). Results RNAscope fluorescence in situ hybridization in the frozen sections of the eyes of the C57BL/6N mice showed that Piezo1 mRNA was expressed in the cornea, iris, ciliary body, lens epithelium, sclera, retina, the neural tissues in the glial laminar region of optic nerve head; and Piezo2 mRNA was expressed in the cornea, iris, and sclera tissues. The qPCR of ocular tissues of the C57BL/6N mice showed that the average Ct value of Piezo1 cDNA was lower than 30 in the cornea, iris, lens, retina, the neural tissues in the glial laminar region of optic nerve head, sclera, and extraocular muscle tissues. The mean Ct value of Piezo2 cDNA was higher than 30 in lens and retinal tissues. Western blot of ocular tissues of the C57BL/6N mice showed that Piezo1 protein was expressed in the cornea, iris, lens, retina, and the neural tissues in the glial laminar region of optic nerve head, sclera, and extraocular muscles. Piezo2 protein is expressed in the cornea, iris, and sclera. Immunofluorescence staining of frozen sections of the eyeball of Piezo1td-Tomato mice showed that Piezo1-tdTomato protein was expressed in the neural tissues in the glial laminar region of optic nerve head. Immunofluorescence staining of the human eyeball paraffin section also showed that Piezo1 protein was expressed in the neural tissues in the laminar region of optic nerve head. Conclusions Piezo1 is widely expressed in the murine eye, including the anterior segment, the posterior segment of the eye, and the optic nerve tissue in the glial lamina area. Piezo1 protein was robustly expressed in the neural tissues in the laminar region of optic nerve head of the human eyeball, which may be an important mechanical sensor that receives and responds to the changes in intraocular pressure, cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the optic nerve sheath space, and the pressure difference between them. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 27-32) Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of ocular biological parameters in cataract patients with long axial lengths measured by OA-2000 Diao Lili, Yang Wenli, Yao Ning, Zhang Cong Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 103-107.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.005 Abstract （523）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the characteristics of ocular biological parameters of cataract patients with long axial lengths (AL) . Design Retrospective cases series. Participants From June 2021 to April 2022, 1000 cataract patients (1000 eyes) who received medical treatment in Beijing Tongren Eye Center. Methods On basis of the axial length measured by OA-2000, the patients were divided into normal control group (22 mm≤AL<26 mm) and long axial group (AL≥26 mm). And the long axial group was further divided into 4 groups according to the axial length, namely, Group A (26 mm≤AL<28 mm) 187 cases (187 eyes), Group B (28 mm≤AL<30 mm) 140 cases (140 eyes), Group C (30 mm≤AL<32 mm) 130 cases, (130 eyes), Group D (AL≥32 mm) 93 cases (93 eyes). The ocular biological parameters were compared between eyes with normal axial and long axial group and each subgroup in the long axial group, and the correlation between axial length and ocular biological parameters, age and ocular biological parameters were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures AL, keratometry (Kf, Ks, Km), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), white to white (WTW). Results The Kf, Ks, Km, corneal astigmatism, ACD, LT, and WTW of patients in the long axial group was (43.07±1.61) D, (44.65±1.71) D, (43.91±1.62) D, (1.52±0.77) D, (3.28±0.47) mm, (4.55±0.41) mm, (11.52±0.45) mm, respectively. Which was (44.51±1.42) D, (45.47±1.52) D, (44.98±1.51) D, (0.92±0.66) D, (3.01±0.41) mm, (4.63±0.46) mm, (11.40±0.48) mm, respectively in the normal control group (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in Kf, Ks, Km, corneal astigmatism, ACD, LT and WTW among the four sub groups in the long axial group with different axial lengths (all P<0.05). Through Pearson correlation analysis, in the long axial group, AL was positively correlated with LT and WTW (r=0.249, P<0.0001) and (r=0.182, P=0.002) respectively; it was negatively correlated with Kf, Ks, Km, ACD (r=-0.219, P<0.0001), (r=-0.183, P<0.0001), (r=-0.194, P<0.0001), (r=-0.328, P<0.0001) respectively. There was no correlation between age and Kf, Ks, Km, WTW (all P>0.05); it was positively correlated with LT (r=0.299, P<0.0001); it was negatively correlated with AL and ACD (r=-0.245, P<0.0001) and (r=-0.228, P<0.0001) respectively. Conclusion Compared with patients in the normal control group, patients in the long axial group had smaller Kf, Ks, Km, deeper ACD, thinner LT, and longer WTW. The AL of patients in the long axial group was positively correlated with LT and WTW, but negatively correlated with Kf, Ks, Km, and ACD. The age was positively correlated with LT but negatively correlated with AL and ACD. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 103-107) Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of biorhythms on refractive development and the development of myopia Li Congying, Huang Ying, Li Shiming Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 84-88.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.002 Abstract （521）      PDF（pc） （824KB）（2283）       Knowledge map    Save Rhythm is one of the essential basic features of nature, which enables organisms to better adapt to the environment and maintain the coordination of life processes through the appropriate phase relationship, seasonal changes, cloudy and sunny days, and night alternation are all rhythms. Biological rhythm is a regular change in the phenomenon of life, which plays an important role in the process of organ development and physiological regulation. In the change of external rhythm, light plays an important role, and there is also a rhythm in the change of light itself. The eye is the most important organ of natural light perception, and external and internal rhythms regulate its development and internal structure. Light signals are projected to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the "master biological clock", by the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells of the eye, resulting in daily rhythmic photo synchronization. When abnormal light exposure leads to biorhythmic dysregulation, the body may alter the balance of developmental hormones such as dopamine and melatonin by regulating the synchronization between the retinal biological clock and the SCN, disrupting eye growth and development and producing abnormal refractive status. In this paper, we analyze the effects of biorhythms on refractive development and myopia in recent studies to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of myopia. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 84-88) Related Articles | Metrics

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Extracellular deposits associated with age-related maculopathy: differentiating drusen and drusenoid deposits Huang Houbin Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 6-15.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.002 Abstract （495）      PDF（pc） （3247KB）（2799）       Knowledge map    Save There are a variety of entities which can result in drusen or drusenoid deposits, either eye disorders or disorders with systemic features, hereditary or non-hereditary. The visual cycle, retinal photoreceptors or retinal pigment epithelium are usually involved. Thoroughly recognizing and understanding these entities is of much importance for diagnosing and treating age-related maculopathy and miscellaneous diseases correctly. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 6-15) Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-analysis of the latest randomized controlled trials of clinical treatments for dry eye disease Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 108-119.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.006 Abstract （494）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To summarize and analyze the curative effect, advantages and disadvantages of cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, non-steroidal eye drops and combination therapy in dry eye disease. Design Meta-analysis. Participants Random controlled trial (RCT) researches that were conducted for dry eye treatment. Methods The RCT researches on cyclosporine, glucocorticoids and non-steroidal eye drops in the treatment of dry eye up to August 7, 2022 were searched. The included literature data were analyzed using the R Meta (5.2.0) software package. Main Outcome Measures Schirmer test (SIT), tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL), symptom score, effective rate and incidence of adverse reactions. Results A total of 5850 cases (7945 eyes) from 57 randomized controlled trials were included. There were 3008 cases (4056 eyes) in the test group and 2842 cases (3889 eyes) in the control group. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the adverse event rate of glucocorticoids and non-steroidal drugs compared with the control group, but the adverse event rate of cyclosporine was higher than that of the control group, and the dry eye scores of the three drugs were significantly better than those of the control group. All three classes of drugs significantly improved the outcomes of TBUT and FL. SIT (without anesthesia) was significantly higher in the cyclosporine eye drop test group than in the control group. There were no significant differences between the combined drug group and the single drug group in SIT (no anesthesia), TBUT, and FL. Conclusion Based on the data of this Meta-analysis, cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, and non-steroidal eye drops can all effectively improve and treat dry eye. Cyclosporin and glucocorticoid eye drops have advantages and disadvantages in improving various indicators, and both are better than non-steroidal eye drops. The combination of glucocorticoid and cyclosporine has no significant advantage over glucocorticoid or cyclosporine alone, but the combination did not lead to a significant increase in the rate of adverse reactions. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 108-119) Related Articles | Metrics

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Vitreous-related spaces and its clinical associations Huang Houbin Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (3): 177-181.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.03.001 Abstract （491）      PDF（pc） （1404KB）（1538）       Knowledge map    Save Several spaces and structures are formed in vitreous interface with adjacent tissues, including Hannover's canal, Petit's canal, Cloquet's canal, Wieger's ligament, Berger's space, Erggelet's space, Martegiani's space and premacular bursa. It is of much importance to make clear these spaces for elucidating the pathogenesis and pathophysiological processes of some entities or lesions, such as lens dislocation following acute episode of glaucoma, maligment glaucoma, posterior vitreous detachment, formation of macular hole, etc. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 177-181) Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 119-119.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.017 Abstract （489）      PDF（pc） （186KB）（2340）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Combine medicine with industry, and overcome difficulties through cooperation-the innovative path of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in China Sang Qing, Wang Jin, Xin Chen, Liu Xuyang, Pan Xiaojing, Wang Ningli Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (2): 81-83.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.02.001 Abstract （485）      PDF（pc） （484KB）（2303）       Knowledge map    Save Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has less trauma, less postoperative complications and rapid recovery. This article reviews the reform of MIGS in China, as well as the innovation and scientific research achievements of domestic experts on the theoretical mechanism, surgical technology and surgical equipment of MIGS. The current challenges, existing problems and future development direction of MIGS are proposed. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 81-83) Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical efficacy after FS-LASIK myopia correction guided by 0.05 D optometry Jia Yong, Zhang Baike, Liao Sha, Shen Jiafan, Guo Lisha, Tian Xuemin, Li Qiaoyun Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (4): 289-293.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.04.004 Abstract （470）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) myopia correction guided by 0.05 D optometry. Design Retrospective case series. Participants From July 2021 to March 2022, a total of 355 eyes of 178 myopic patients who underwent FS-LASIK surgery were collected in No.988 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA. Methods The medical records of patients were reviewed. The optometry test modality was determined by patients, and all patients were divided into the 0.05 D group (89 cases 177 eyes) and the 0.25 D group (89 cases 178 eyes) according to the method of optometry. The 0.05 D group used 0.05 D optometry method to measure preoperative diopter; meanwhile, the 0.25 D group used 0.25 D optometry method to measure preoperative diopter. All patients underwent FS-LASIK with Zeimer LDV-Z2 and Zeiss Mel-80. The actual corneal ablation depth of the both groups and the corneal ablation depth simulated by 0.25 D optometry of the 0.05 D group were recorded. The patients were followed up for 6 months. And the visual quality questionnaire was conducted at 6 months postoperatively. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity (LogMAR), diopter, corneal ablation depth, central corneal thickness (CCT), and visual quality questionnaire score. Results The actual corneal ablation depth of the 0.05 D group was (84.98±15.60) μm, which was slightly higher than (78.14±17.68) μm simulated by 0.25 D optometry of the 0.05 D group and (75.42±17.14) μm of the 0.25 D group (all P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the corneal ablation depth between simulated by 0.25 D optometry of the 0.05 D group and the 0.25 D group (P=0.129). The CCT of the both groups after surgery was significantly lower than that preoperative (t=72.459, P<0.001, t=58.693, P<0.001), and there was no significant difference in the CCT between the both groups after surgery (t=-1.890, P=0.060). At 3 months and 6 months after surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of the 0.05 D group were -0.056±0.498, -0.061±0.479, which were better than 0.003±0.566, -0.002±0.530 of the 0.25 D group (all P<0.001). At 6 months after surgery, the percentage of UCVA better than preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the 0.05 D group was 67.80%, which was higher than 17.42% of the 0.25 D group (P<0.001). Among the adverse visual symptoms, the incidence of glare was the highest and the incidence of distortion was the lowest in the both groups. The incidence of asthenopia of the 0.05 D group was 1.7%, which was less than 6.7% of the 0.25 D group (P=0.018). There was no significant difference in the incidence of other symptoms. The asthenopia and total score of the 0.05 D group were significantly lower than those of the 0.25 D group (U=-2.032, P=0.042, U=-2.247, P=0.025). There was no significant difference in the scores of the questionnaire of other symptoms. Conclusion Compared with 0.25 D optometry, 0.05 D optometry can significantly improve visual acuity and subjective visual quality after FS-LASIK, and has the same surgical safety. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 289-293) Related Articles | Metrics

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12 months efficacy of adalimumab for the treatment of refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis Shen Zhijun, Shen Lin, Cao Xusheng, Li Lin, Wang Hong Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (4): 320-325.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.04.010 Abstract （467）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab (ADA) for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) associated uveitis. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 16 patients (28 eyes) with refractory JIA related uveitis who were treated with ADA in Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2020 to September 2021. 10 cases (18 eyes) presented anterior uveitis, and 6 cases (10 eyes) presented panuveitis. Methods The outpatient medical records of patients were analyzed. All patients underwent ADA subcutaneous injection treatment. For individuals with weight ≥30 kg, the initial dose was 80 mg, and thereafter every 2 weeks, with a dose of 40 mg each time, and the dose was half for those with weight <30 kg. After inflammation was controlled, the dosage of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants were gradually decreased. Main Outcome Measures Cells and flare in anterior chamber, and vitreous haze, visual acuity, changes of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant dosage, and side effects of ADA. Results The inflammation of uveitis in all suffered eyes was controlled within 3~6 months after ADA treatment, and the inflammatory cells and flare in anterior chamber, and vitreous haze were all reduced from 2+~3+ to 0~1+. No recurrence was observed after follow-up for ≥12 months. After uveitis was controlled stably with ADA treatment, 8 of 10 patients with anterior uveitis completely stopped all medicines, and the other 2 patients stopped taking immunosuppressants. 4 of 6 patients with panuveitis stopped taking glucocorticoid, only taking immunosuppressants and ADA, and the other 2 patients had reduced the dosage of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants. After ADA treatment, the visual acuity of 20/28 eyes improved by≥2 lines, and the visual acuity of 8/28 eyes improved by ≥1 line. No serious eye or systemic side effects were observed. Conclusion ADA is effective and safe for the treatment of refractory JIA associated uveitis and can reduce the dosage of systemic glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 320-325) Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of regional distribution differences of visual disability among older adults in China Liu Yunduo, Dai Wanwei, Wang Yiran, Yu Yuanbo, Guo Shuai, Zhang Chun, Zheng Xiaoying Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 16-20.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.003 Abstract （467）      PDF（pc） （1201KB）（2765）       Knowledge map    Save  Objective To analyze the regional distribution of older adults with visual disabilities and to provide a basis for improving the efficiency of rehabilitation of the visually disabled population and the formulation of regional prevention policies. Design Cross sectional survey. Participants 354 859 elderly people aged 60 and above in the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006. Methods Based on the data of the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006, the prevalence of older adults with visual disability in China were calculated by urban and rural areas and economic regions under different causes of disability. We determined whether the regional differences were statistically significant using logistic regression models, and conducted a descriptive analysis of the composition of the severity of visual disability among older adults by region. Main Outcomes Measures Prevalence and constituent ratio. Results The prevalence of visual disability among rural older adults was higher than that in urban areas, with the prevalence of congenital, infectious, non-infectious, and unexplained and other causes of visual disability being 1.93, 3.30, 1.59 and 2.07 times higher than that of urban older adults, respectively. The severity of visual disability was also more severe in rural older adults. The causes of visual disability were mainly non-infectious diseases. The northern coastal region had the lowest prevalence of visual disability cause by non-infectious diseases (39.10‰, 95%CI: 37.56~40.65) and less severe disability, while the southern region and highland region had higher prevalence (great southwest region: 67.41‰, 95%CI: 65.59~69.22; southern coastal region: 72.16‰, 95%CI: 69.52~74.79; great northwest region: 84.00‰, 95%CI: 80.26~87.73). Conclusion There are regional differences in the causes and severity of disability among older adults with visual disabilities in China. Prevention and treatment strategies for visual disability of key groups should be adopted according by levels. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 16-20) Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement of the distance between lacrimal sac and axillary plane of middle turbinate in patients with chronic dacryocystitis based on CT lacrimal duct radiography Liu Xin, Mo Ya Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 55-57.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.010 Abstract （464）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To measure the distance from the top and bottom of the lacrimal sac(LS) to the middle turbinate axillary plane (MTAP) on computed tomographic dacryocystography (CT-DCG ) to clarify the relative positional relationship between LS and MTAP in patients with chronic dacryocystitis(CD). Design experimental study. Participants CT lacrimal angiography images of 191 patients (216 eyes) with CD in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods CT-DCG was performed in the patients. CT post-processing technology was used to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction of CT images, and to measure the distance from the top and bottom of the LS to the MTAP on the CT image. Main Outcome Measures The distance from the top and bottom of the LS to the MTAP. Results 153 cases (173 eyes) in all 191 patients (216 eyes) with CD are females. There is statistically significant difference in the distance between the top and the bottom of the LS to the MTAP in patients both in different genders and in different diseased eyes (P<0.05). There is no statistically significant difference in the 20-year-old age group (P>0.05), and the other age groups are statistically significant (P<0.05). The distance from the bottom to the LS to the MTAP is larger than that from the top of the LS to the MTAP. There is statistically significant difference in the bottom distance between the 41-60-year-old group and the 61-80-year-old group (P=0.003). The distance from the bottom of the LS to the MTAP is larger in the patients aged 61-80 years than that in patients aged 61-80 years. There is no significant difference both the top distance and the bottom distance of the other groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The distance from the bottom of the LS to the MTAP is larger than that from the top of the LS to the MTAP in patients with CD. Most of the LS are located below the MTAP. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 55-57) Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the synergistic effect of 0.05 D precision full correction technique and defocus incorporated multiple segments technique in delaying the progress of myopia Zhen Yi, Cao Kai, Gao Jie, Wang Ningli Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (4): 282-286.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.04.003 Abstract （457）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To observe whether there is a synergistic effect between 0.05 D precise full correction technology and defocus incorporated multiple segments technology in delaying myopia progression. Design Pretrospective comparative case series. Participants 241 children who underwent frame glasses fitting at Optometry Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2020 to 2022. Method According to the lens chosen by the parents, 241 children were fitted with 0.05 D spherical interval single vision group (63 cases), 0.25 D spherical interval single vision group (57 cases), 0.25 D spherical interval defocus group (61 cases), and 0.05 D spherical interval defocus group(60 cases). The fitting data including age, gender, refractive error, interval time between the two refractions, lens type of the above children in the electronic medical record system was retrospective analyzed. The refraction methods and environment of the four groups of patients were consistent, and the only difference was whether 0.05 D precise full correction technology was used in the central area of the frame eyeglasses and whether defocus incorporated multiple segments technology was used in the periphery of the lens. The data of the right eye were analyzed statistically. Main Outcome Measures Equivalent spherical change. Results The ages of the 0.25 D spherical interval single vision group, the 0.05 D interval single vision lens group, the 0.25 D spherical interval defocus group, and the 0.05 D interval defocus group were not significantly different (F=0.996, P=0.320). The mean equivalent spherical degrees at the first visit were (-2.10±1.77) D, (-2.00±1.34) D, (-1.97±0.89) D, and (-2.03±0.88) D, respectively (F=0.118, P=0.949). After 6 months of wearing glasses, the equivalent spherical changes in the four groups of patients were (-0.51±0.52) D, (-0.31±0.35) D, (-0.31±0.27) D, and (-0.15±0.26) D, respectively (F=9.503, P<0.001). The equivalent spherical changes in the 0.05 D interval single vision group (P=0.003), the 0.25 D interval defocus group (P=0.004), and the 0.05 D interval defocus group (P<0.001) were significantly smaller than those in the 0.25 D spherical interval single vision group. There was no significant difference in equivalent spherical changes between the 0.05 D interval single vision group and the 0.25 D interval defocus group (P=0.932). The equivalent spherical change in the 0.05 D interval defocus group was significantly smaller than that in the 0.05 D interval single vision group (P=0.018) and the 0.25 D interval defocus group (P=0.015). Conclusion 0.05 D precise full correction technology and defocus incorporated multiple segments technology showed a synergistic effect in delaying myopia progression due to different mechanisms of action. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 282-286) Related Articles | Metrics

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Prognosis of large avascular PED Mo Bin, Ji Haixia, Zhou Haiying, Liu Wu Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (3): 217-221.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.03.007 Abstract （455）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe and analyze the changes and prognostic characteristics of large avascular retinal pigment detachment (aPED) associated with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 17 eyes of 15 cases diagnosed with large (the maximum horizontal diameter of PED is greater than 1500 μm, the height is greater than 165 μm) aPED in dry AMD at Beijing Tongren Eye Center from January 2013 to January 2023. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the patients’ medical records, and the average follow-up time was （19.76±17.39） months. The characteristics of OCT, including choroid thickness, PED height, PED width, RPE collapse, hyperplasia of RPE, inner retinal capsules, hyperreflective foci, subretinal fluid, RPE laceration, geograghic atrophy (GA), neovascularization, and the changes of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were evaluated. Main Outcome Measures The BCVA, the choroidal thickness and the height and width of PED measured by OCT. Results At baseline, LogMAR BCVA was 0.55±0.31, the mean choroidal thickness of the macular center was (237.29±77.39) μm, the mean height of PED was (476.67±313.83) μm, and the mean width of PED was (3268.17±1482.28) μm. At the last follow-up, LogMAR BCVA was 0.70±0.34, which was significant worse than that at baseline (t=-2.842, P=0.012). In 5 eyes with PED collapse at baseline, 4 eyes had GA, another 1 eye had the RPE proliferation aggravated and RPE collapse, and had inner retinal capsules during the follow-up. One eye with retinal inner capsule at baseline appeared GA during the follow-up. There were 6 eyes (35.29%) with increased height and width of PED, of which 5 eyes had increased proliferation of RPE and 1 eye had no significant change; there were 4 eyes (23.53%) with the width of PED bottom diameter increasing and the height decreasing, all of which had the collapse of PED; RPE laceration occurred in one eye (5.89%); There was no obvious change in 2 eyes (11.76%), and no neovascularization was seen. At the last follow-up, the mean choroidal thickness of the macular center was (223.12±67.53) μm, which was no significant difference with the baseline. There were 12 cases with PED at the last follow-up which the mean height of PED was (370.08±242.25) μm, and the mean width of PED was (3545.17±1313.10) μm.There was no significant difference with the baseline (t=1.409、-2.105, P=0.186、0.059). Conclusion For large aPED associated with dry AMD, its natural prognosis is mostly transformed into GA, which seriously affects the vision of patients. The collapse of RPE and the appearance of retinal inner capsule can be used as biomarkers for the progress of the disease. Clinicians should pay enough attention to the mand increase the number of follow-up visits so as to detect the changes of the disease as soon as possible. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 217-221) Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on fixation stability of intermittent exotropia in children Huang Weidong, Yang Xubo Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (4): 310-315.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.04.008 Abstract （448）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To compare the differences in fixative eye movements and saccadic eye movements between children with intermittent exotropia and normal children. Design Case-control study. Participants Children attending the strabismus and amblyopia outpatient clinic at West China Hospital, including 31 cases of intermittent exotropia and 22 normal children. Methods All subjects watched the screen at a distance of 80 cm from the computer display screen, and used the visual biological information stimulation technology-enhanced vision eye tracker software, and used its augmented reality technology to collect and analyze binocular fixation and saccadic eye movements. Tobii Eye Tracker 5 4C eye tracking device captures the orientation and trajectory of eyeball movement, and it was performed under corrected state for those with ametropia. Main Outcome Measures Corrected visual acuity, refractive error, prism diopters of strabismus, horizontal deviation of fixation point, vertical deviation of fixation point. Results In terms fixation eye movement, significant differences were observed between the intermittent exotropia group and the normal group in the directions of upper-right, straight-right, and lower-left gaze. The deviations of fixation points were significant in the horizontal direction for straight-right (Z=-2.764, P=0.006) and in the vertical direction for lower-left (Z=-2.112, P=0.035), while both horizontal (Z=-2.266, P=0.023) and vertical deviations (Z=-2.113, P=0.035) were significant for upper-right gaze points. In terms of saccadic eye movement, the intermittent exotropia group glanced at the beginning of the first line (Z=-2.140, P=0.032) and the end of the line (Z=-2.573, P=0.010), the beginning of the second line (Z=- 2.907, P=0.004) and the end of the line (Z=-2.365, P=0.018), the end of the third line (Z=-3.268, P=0.001), the beginning of the fourth line (Z=-2.022, P=0.043), there was an obvious offset in the horizontal direction; when scanning the first line (Z=-2.527, P=0.011) and the end of the line (Z=-2.031, P=0.042), the third line end (Z=-2.257, P=0.024), and the fourth row head (Z=-2.826, P=0.005), the intermittent exotropia group had a significant shift in the vertical direction. In the third row, there were significant differences in the vertical deviation of fixation positions at the beginning and end of the row (Z=-2.858, P=0.004). Conclusion Children with intermittent exotropia have different degrees of impairment in both fixation eye movement and saccadic eye movement compared to normal children. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 310-315) Related Articles | Metrics

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Genotype and clinical characteristics of ocular albinism and oculocutaneous albinism in China Li Nien, Zhong Junwei, You Bing, Xu Ke, Zhang Xiaohui, Yan Weiyu, Xie Yue, Zhang Xin, Li Yang Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (3): 182-191.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.03.002 Abstract （446）      PDF（pc） （3172KB）（1504）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the genetic and clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with albinism-related gene variants, and to compare the clinical manifestations between ocular albinism (OA1) and oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 32 patients (from 28 families) with pathogenic variants in albinism-related genes collected from Beijing Tongren Hospital. Methods All patients underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment photography, color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The pigmentation of skin and hair was also recorded. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood samples of the proband, his immediate family members and affected family members. Sanger sequencing, targeted exome sequencing (TES) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify pathogenic variants. Multiple bioinformatics analysis software was used to predict the pathogenicity of the variants and co-segregation verification was performed. Main Outcome Measures Pathogenic variants, BCVA, nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia (FH) grade, pigmentation of eye, skin and hair. Results A total of 33 pathogenic variants in 7 genes (GPR143, OCA2, TYR, LRMDA, HPS1, HPS6 and SLC45A2) were detected in 32 patients, of which 8 were novel variants. There were 18 OA1 patients with GPR143 gene variants and 14 OCA patients with the other 6 genes variants. These patients all had varying degrees of vision loss, fundus hypopigmentation and FH. All but two patients had congenital nystagmus. The iris color of OA1 patients was darker, the FH grade was mainly 1~2, and no skin or hair hypopigmentation was found. OCA patients had diverse iris and fundus pigmentation, and most of them had varying degrees of skin and hair hypopigmentation. Patients with syndromic OCA were also associated with blood or immune system abnormalities. The two patients without nystagmus had mild visual impairment and FH. There were significant differences in iris and fundus pigmentation between OA1 patients and OCA patients. Conclusion This study preliminarily described the pathogenic gene composition of Chinese patients with albinism and expanded the variant spectrum of each gene. It was found that the degree of iris hypopigmentation was mild in OA1 patients, while the ocular and systemic pigmentation was highly variable in OCA patients. No obvious genotype-phenotype relationship was found. Genetic testing is essential for definitive diagnosis of atypical patients. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 182-191) Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of orthokeratology fitting status using deep learning algorithm Song Hongxin, Cao Jingwen, Niu Kai, He Zhiqiang Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (4): 305-309.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.04.007 Abstract （442）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To develop an automatic and objective quantification algorithm based on fluorescein patterns to evaluate the fitting status of orthokeratology. Design Diagnose test. Participants Ortho-k lens fitting video with fluorescein patterns from 360 subjects during 2022 from Beijing Tongren Hospital. Methods A deep learning algorithm based on an attention mechanism to analyze the fluorescein patterns video was used. The algorithm used key frames of the fluorescein patterns video to capture static morphological information of the ortho-K lens, while the video as a whole was considered comprehensively to obtain dynamic information such as ortho-K lens mobility. The algorithm adopted a two-stage structure, first classifying the tight fitting samples, and based on this result, further classifying the fit and loose fitting samples, the results were compared with the evaluation standard agreed by the 5 experienced optometrists. Main Outcome Measures Sensitivity, diagnosis accuracy, consistency with ophthalmologists’ results. Results In the validation set, our proposed algorithm achieved a classification accuracy of 82%, a sensitivity of 80%, and a specificity of 85% in the first stage of the classification task of fitting tight samples. In the second stage, the model can classify the remaining two types of samples with a correct rate of 88%, a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 93%. In the end, the correct rate of classification results for each category could reached more than 80%, which was highly consistent with the judgment given by optometrists. Compared with the results of human evaluation, the results of computer algorithms had a high degree of matching and better repeatability. Conclusions Using the deep learning algorithm based on the attention mechanism, we developed automatic algorithm for automatic analysis of the fluorescein patterns video of orthokeratology, which can make objective judgments about the fitting status of orthokeratology. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 305-309) Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of myopic animal model induced by illuminance under constrained visual range Zhang Kaixue, Fang Wenqing, Chen Juan, Zhang Youming, Yang Chaopu, Jin Han, Chen Taiyang, Huang Sanxiao, Zhou Penghui Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (4): 294-298.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.04.005 Abstract （431）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the effect of different illumination on the development of axial length in chicks with visual distance restriction. Design Experiment study.  Participants Sixty 10-day-old chicks.  Methods Chicks were randomly divided into 5 groups with 12 chicks in each group. One group was the control group and the others were the experimental groups. Using the greedy and phototaxis of the chicken to food, the visual distance of the chicken was more naturally restricted. Four groups of chickens were raised in four sets of self-made myopia induction devices, which could keep the visual distance within about 5 cm with the growth of chicks. The illuminances of the experimental groups were set at 0.5 Lx, 5 Lx, 50 Lx, and 500 Lx, respectively. The control group was reared in the natural light environment near the window without restricting the visual distance. When the chickens were 50 days old, the axial length of the eyes was measured by A-scan. The refraction was measured by retinoscope in the dark room and under non-local anesthesia. The weight was measured by electronic scale and the abnormal growth of axial length was calculated. The relationship between this value and diopter was analyzed. Main Outcome Measured Axial length, axial increase, diopter. Results There was a linear relationship between axial length and body weight in the control group (R2=0.89). When the chicken were 50 days old, the abnormal axial growth of 0.5 Lx, 5 Lx, 50 Lx and 500 Lx groups were 0.60 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.75 mm and 0.80 mm, respectively. There were significant differences in the increase of axial length among 5 Lx group and 0.5 Lx group, 50 Lx group, 500 Lx group (P=0.033, 0.001, 0.003). There was a linear proportional relationship between diopter and abnormal axial growth (R2=0.74). Conclusion The model can significantly induce axial myopia in chicks. Illumination had a significant effect on the increase of abnormal axial growth. The increase of abnormal axial growth was the smallest at 5 Lx and the largest at 500 Lx.  (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 294-298) Related Articles | Metrics

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Fundus characteristics in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome complicated with cytomegalovirus retinitis at different periods Ye Hongli, Jiao Kangwei, Yan Pingjing, Zhang Qihang, Zhao Jie, Feng Xiaoxiao, Liu Jun, Xiao Libo Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (4): 326-331.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.04.011 Abstract （431）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe ultra-wide angle fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) complicated with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) at different periods. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 14 patients (22 eyes) diagnosed with AIDS complicated with CMVR from the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and the Third People's Hospital of Kunming from January 2019 to June 2022. Methods The patient's medical records were reviewed. The characteristics of fundus and OCT images at different stages of CMVR, as well as the CD4+T lymphocytes (CD4) and blood CMV-DNA levels at corresponding stages were analyzed. Follow up was for 6~30 months. Main Outcome Measures CD4 value, fundus photography and OCT image features. Results All patients were in the acute stage of CMVR at the time of initial diagnosis, including 2 cases (3 eyes) in the initial stage of CMVR and 12 cases (19 eyes) in the active stage. The mean CD4 value in acute stage was (32.26±25.7)/μL at first diagnosis, and the manifestations of CMVR in initial stage were <1 DD yellow-white granular lesions. OCT showed no thickening of retina but full layer destruction. During the active stage, the fundus showed large yellow and white cheesy exudation accompanied by bleeding, and OCT showed significant thickening of retina at all levels and high reflexes. In 12 cases (19 eyes), there were 9 cases (15 eyes) of interlayer punctuated strong reflexes, 4 cases (6 eyes) of outer layer punctuated strong reflexes, 12 cases (15 eyes) of lesions involved the macular region, and 3 cases (3 eyes) of macular edema. Epiretinal membrane in 12 cases (18 eyes), vitreous inflammatory cells in 11 cases (16 eyes). During follow-up, the mean CD4 in remission period was (380.4±85.2)/μL. Grey and white scars of fundus were in 13 cases (20 eyes). Retinal atrophy and thinning in the lesion area were observed on OCT, and retinal detachment was observed in 1 case (2 eyes). Conclusion The fundus of AIDS patients with CMVR showed different manifestations at different periods, such as yellow and white granular lesions, tomato and cheese lesions, and gray-white cicatricial lesions. OCT showed significant hyperreflective thickening, thinning and atrophy of retina. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 326-331) Related Articles | Metrics

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A multicenter study of clinical efficacy and safety of NOR aspherical orthokeratology lenses Chen Yueguo, Zhang Yu, Qu Xiaomei, Wang Ti, Lan Fangfang, Xie Yalin, Li Jianhua, Zhao Dongqing, Lv Tianbin, Liu Longqian, Wu Zhengzheng, Yang Yin, Du Xianli, Jiang Jun, Pei Cheng, Wu Jie, Yang Xiao (The order of authors is arranged by the first letter of the name of their unit of work, each author contributed equally) Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (1): 33-38.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.01.006 Abstract （426）      PDF（pc） （1295KB）（2658）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of NOR aspherical orthokeratology lenses for the correction of myopia. Design A prospective multicenter cohort study. Participants 456 patients (912 eyes) with myopia who wore NOR aspherical orthokeratology lenses in 11 hospitals of China from May 2019 to December 2020. Methods All patients were fitted with NOR aspherical orthokeratology lenses and were followed up before wearing lenses and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after wearing lenses. Main Outcome Measures Uncorrected distance visual acuity, spherical diopter, cylindrical diopter, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell density, corneal endothelial polymorphism grade, complications, lens fit, and lens status. Results All 456 patients were enrolled, including 300 females, with an average age of 15.59±8.24 years. At each follow-up time point after wearing lenses, uncorrected distance visual acuity in both eyes was significantly improved compared with baseline (all P<0.05). After wearing lenses for 3 months, the proportion of uncorrected distance visual acuity reaching 0.0 LogMAR was 67.76% (right eye) and 65.88% (left eye). The spherical diopter of the right eye decreased from -2.47±0.87 D to -0.30±0.62 D (P＜0.001), and the spherical diopter of the left eye decreased from -2.37±0.87 D to -0.26±0.57 D (P＜0.001). The cylindrical diopter of the right eye decreased from -0.41±0.44 D to -0.12±0.30 D (P＜0.001), and the cylindrical diopter of the left eye decreased from -0.50±0.45 D to -0.16±0.38 D (P＜0.001). Compared with baseline, the spherical equivalent was reduced by 2.31±1.04 D (right eye) and 2.26±1.01 D (left eye). There was no significant difference in corneal endothelial cell density and corneal endothelial polymorphic grading in both eyes compared with baseline (all P>0.05). Non-contact intraocular pressure in both eyes was significantly reduced compared with baseline (all P<0.05). There were no serious complications in both eyes, and only individual cases had grade 1 or 2 bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, corneal epithelial spotting and corneal invasion, and continued glasses wearing could be achieved after stopping glasses or drug control therapy. Lens fit and lens conditions are good. Conclusion Wearing NOR aspherical orthokeratology lens can effectively improve the juvenile myopia patient's uncorrected distance visual acuity, reduce the spherical equivalent, and have less impact on corneal endothelial cell parameters and intraocular pressure. Lens fitting and lens condition are good. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 33-38) Related Articles | Metrics

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The ocular manifestations of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 Liang Xiaofang, Wang Kaiyue, Yang Liu, Zhang Xuxiang Ophthalmology in China    2023, 32 (5): 421-424.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.05.011 Abstract （425）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To investigate the ocular clinical manifestations of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 17 cases (34 eyes) of NF1 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from October 2021 to February 2022. Methods Clinical data of 17 patients diagnosed with NF1 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent detailed ophthalmic examination and related general check-up. Main outcome measures The incidence of iris hamartoma and ocular and systemic related clinical manifestations. Results 17 patients ranged in age from 10 to 52 years were enrolled in this study, including 9 males (18 eyes) and 8 females (16 eyes). The best corrected vision acuities were from no light perception to 1.2. The intraocular pressures of all patients were normal. 11 patients (64.7%) suffered iris hamartomatain of both eyes, presenting as light brown to dark brown slightly raised nodules with clear boundaries, and ranged in number from 3 to 25, with diameters ranging from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. Their positions ranged from close to the pupil margin to any part of the iris, 73.3% distributed on inferior part of the iris. One patient suffered eyelid and orbital plexiform neurofibroma and one patient suffered choroidal abnormalities. The systemic manifestations also included milk coffee spots and neurofibroma of multiple types, and 12 cases combined with axillary groin freckles. Conclusion We found that 65% of patients presented with iris hamartoma of both eyes, which was manifested as brown micro-raised nodules of varying size and number. Iris hamartoma is one of the most important clinical manifestations of NF1, and this study provides a reference for clinicians to fully understand NF1 and determine the disease condition and classification. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2023, 32: 421-424) Related Articles | Metrics