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Twenty-four hour dynamic monitoring of intraocular pressure-wireless contact lens sensor ZENG Ying,Yuan Yuan-sheng, ZHONG Hua International Review of Ophthalmology    2011, 35 (6): 361-365.   Abstract （6043）            Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lenstar for ocular biometry measurements LIU Hang-hang, LI Jin-ying. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 93-97.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn16735803. 2012. 02. 005 Abstract （3338）      PDF（pc） （1319KB）（2602）       Knowledge map    Save Accurate ocular biometrics are critical to intraocular lens (IOL) implantation or refractive surgery. Lenstar LS900 as a new optical low coherence reflectometry device is well received in both clinical and research work,due to its noncontact measurement, single alignment requirement, more parameters and high resolution, etc. This article will review the principle, characteristics of Lenstar, the research and clinical applications on measuring axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature, central corneal thickness, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, horizontal iris width, pupil size, visual axis decentration and IOL estimator, etc.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 93-97) Related Articles | Metrics

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RetCam for retinopathy of prematurity screening LI Rong, WANG Yu-sheng International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (1): 17-20.   DOI: 10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2012.01.004 Abstract （3333）            Knowledge map    Save Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. RetCam plays an important role in ROP screening. In this article, we reviewed the current documents on applications of RetCam for ROP screening combined with our clinical experiences, and summarized its advantages and challenges for use. We particularly addressed its safety, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, accuracy and easytouse for ROP screening. We recommended that RetCam be routinely adopted to screen ROP in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene study in congenital cataract FAN Fan, LI Dan, LUO Yi. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 98-103.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn16735803. 2012. 02. 006 Abstract （3312）      PDF（pc） （776KB）（2382）       Knowledge map    Save Approximately fifty percent of all congenital cataract cases may have a genetic cause. Inherited congenital cataracts have been associated with mutations in specific genes, at least 26 of which have been located and identified up to now, including those of crystallins, membrane transport and channel proteins, the cytoskeleton, and growth and transcription factors. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the recent advances about the molecular genetic basis of congenital cataracts.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 98-103) Related Articles | Metrics

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Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy: biochemical mechanisms and gene therapy HUANG Shu-juan, TIAN Guo-hong, ZHANG Xiao-jun International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (1): 13-17.   DOI: 10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2012.01.003 Abstract （3308）            Knowledge map    Save Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a common blinding disease, is a maternally inherited degeneration of the optic nerve caused by point mutations of mitochondrial DNA. Complex I dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and cell apoptosis are the hypothesis of biochemical mechanism in LHON. Gene therapy is the ideal treatment for the disease. So far, the gene therapies used include allotropic expressing, transfecting with wild gene, and transfecting with antioxidant gene and so on. However, further investigation has to be done before clinical trials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current researches on stem cell like function of retinal Müller cells CHEN Li-Ying, YAO Jin International Review of Ophthalmology    2013, 37 (2): 123-128.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn.1673-5803. 2013. 02. 011 Abstract （3249）            Knowledge map    Save 【Abstract】There is no effective clinical treatments for  retinal nerve degenerative disease. Recent studies demonstrate that retinal Müller cells expressed neural stem cell markers including SOX2, PAX6, CHX10,NOTCH1 and βIII tubulin, as well as various markers of postmitotic retinal neurons, including PKC (a marker of bipolar cells), peripherin (a marker of photoreceptor cells), HuD and Brn3 (markers of ganglion cells), neurofilament protein (a marker of ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal cells), and calretinin (a marker of ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal cells). These studies demonstrated that Müller cells exhibit progenitor characteristics and can differentiate to various retinal neurons, and suggested that Müller cells may have the potential for cellbased therapies for retinal nerve degenerative disease.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2013, 37: 123-128) Related Articles | Metrics

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The causes and interventions of dysphotopsia after intraocular lens implantation GUO Ya-wen, LI Jun International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (4): 281-284.   DOI: 10 3760/ cma. j. issn. 16735803 2012 04 013 Abstract （3009）            Knowledge map    Save The dysphotopsia is the common complication after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, which includes positive dysphotopsia and negative dysphotopsia. After IOL implantation the light from outside generates bright images on the retina. This is called positive dysphotopsia. The negative dysphotopsia is that the blind spot and shadow on the retina after IOL implantation because of the photorefraction through the square edge of the IOL. The posterior capsular opacification, the material and the edge design of the  IOL,  the diameter of IOL optical component, the position of incision and the irisoptic distance are the important influential factors that cause the dysphotopsia. Some patients after IOL implantation suffer from dysphotopsia. It effects their qualities of life. In this article, the reasons, influential factors,  treatment  and the newly developed examination methods of the dysphotopsia were reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography ZHOU Jin-qiong, WEI Wen-bin International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2012.01.001 Abstract （3001）      PDF（pc） （1269KB）（2379）       Knowledge map    Save Enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT), based on the improvement of traditional frequency domain OCT, is a new technology used to reflect the structure of the choroid. The images are obtained by positioning the SD-OCT device close enough to the eye to present an inverted representation of the fundus, and also can quantitatively measure the choroidal thickness. So far studies about this technology are focused on the changes of the choroidal thickness. By measuring the choroidal thickness, EDI SD-OCT can not only be used to explore the pathogenesis of the diseases such as high myopia, age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, etc, but also be used to differentiate age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, a variety number of choroidal tumors, etc. In addition, EDI SD-OCT can be used to observe the treatment effect such as choroidal neovascularization and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of femtosecondlentotomy for the treatment of presbyopia YU Yin-hui, YAO Ke. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 73-77.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn. 16735803. 2012. 02. 001 Abstract （2948）      PDF（pc） （807KB）（2078）       Knowledge map    Save Presbyopia is the physical defect which every human being will be affected with as the accommodation decreases with age and therefore working at close range may be difficult. The well accepted reason for presbyopia is the agerelated hardening of crystalline lens, decreased flexibility and deformability as well as a loss of the accommodative power. As a possible treatment option, femtosecond laser is a promising tool to make microcuts inside the lens to creat gliding planes at desired depth and shape via the effect of laserinduced optical breakdown, hence the flexibility and deformability of the tissue is supposed to be reestablished and the potential adjustment power may be reconstructed dynamically as a result. Several reasearches have verified the therapeutic effect, effectiveness and safety of this innovative technology. Still, certain problems remain untackled. The purpose of this review is to outline the theoretical basis, experimental study, effect and the problems faced to discuss this evolving technology in presbyopia treatment.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 73-77) Related Articles | Metrics

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The treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction DONG Xue-qing, GAO Ying-ying International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (4): 251-255.   DOI: 10 3760/ cma. j. issn. 16735803 2012 04 007 Abstract （2908）            Knowledge map    Save Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the general term that describes a chronic, diffuse abnormality of the meibomian glands, commonly characterized by terminal duct obstruction or/and qualitative and quantitative changes in the meibom secretion. It may result in instability of the tear film, inflammation in the lid margin, lipid tear deficiency(LTD) dry eye and other ocular surface diseases. Previously, MGD treatment includes the eyelids cleaning, warm massage, nutritional therapy, hormone and antibiotic applications. In recent years，physical therapy, immune regulation, and environmental regulation, as well as the study of the mechanism of antibiotic application, has a lot of new progresses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of seed cells in the construction of tissueengineered cornea  LI Hong-song, ZOU Jun. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 88-92.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn16735803. 2012. 02. 004 Abstract （2846）      PDF（pc） （740KB）（2316）       Knowledge map    Save There remain several drawbacks including limited availability of donor corneas as well as recurrent allograft rejection and subsequent graft failure in conventional corneal transplantation. Although there have been established eye banks in many places, donor corneas are still limited. Therefore, it is significant to expand the sources of donor cornea, and construct the tissue engineered cornea in the treatment of severe ocular surface disease. We expound the classification of seed cells in the construction of tissueengineered cornea and the repair of injured cornea. Furthermore, we analyze the advantage and disadvantage with regard to seed cells in the construction of tissueengineered cornea, and supply some ideas for the research of tissue engineered cornea.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 8892) Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical progress on intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity   LIN Si-yong, ZHENG Yue-zhong. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 133-137.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn. 16735803. 2012. 02. 012 Abstract （2820）      PDF（pc） （2103KB）（2247）       Knowledge map    Save Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)  plays an important role in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Inhibition of VEGF expression with antiVEGF drugs in the neovascular phase of ROP might prevent destructive neovascularization in ROP. Clinical studies of application of bevacizumab (Avastin) in treatment of ROP in different ways which include intravitreal injection, intravitreal injection combined with retinal photocoagulation or vitrectomy were reviewed in this article. Safety of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for treatment of ROP was also reviewed.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 133137) Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-expression gene therapy of ophthalmic diseases WANG Ying-zhi, WEI Wen-bin. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 122-127.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn16735803. 2012. 02. 010 Abstract （2730）      PDF（pc） （972KB）（2020）       Knowledge map    Save The multiexpressing gene therapy is a popular strategy for the treatment research  in multi\|gene genetic diseases, and it is becoming a promising technique. In order to obtain a better effect of the multiexpressing gene treatment one can use single gene therapy as a foundation and select some genes which have synergistic effect in the  study of combined gene therapy. Combing the multiexpressing gene therapy has had preliminary results in some eye diseases such as inherited retinitis pigmentosa，ocular neovascular disease and glaucoma. The article reviews the concepts, advantages of the multiexpressing gene therapy, the method of combined genes construction, the selection of gene vector, the related experimental operation and the study situation at the present.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 122-127) Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion ZHOU Jin-qiong,XU Liang, WANG Shuang International Review of Ophthalmology    2011, 35 (6): 374-378.   Abstract （2697）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in upper eyelid anatomy  International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 78-83.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn. 16735803. 2012. 02. 002 Abstract （2657）      PDF（pc） （1500KB）（2486）       Knowledge map    Save A successful eyelid surgery depends on a thorough understanding of its anatomic structure and function. Recently, more and more researches focused on the advances in subtle structures of upper eyelid anatomy. In this review, we introduce new findings of these subtle structures, including levator palpebrae superioris(LPS), levator aponeurosis, Müller's muscle, orbital septum, myoneural junction of the LPS muscle, adipose tissue in the upper eyelid, ligament system in the upper eyelid, and further discuss implications related to surgeries.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 78-83) Related Articles | Metrics

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Femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction for the correction of myopia ZHAO Jing, CHEN Zhi, ZHOU Xing-tao International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (1): 8-12.   DOI: 10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2012.01.002 Abstract （2633）            Knowledge map    Save The small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with femtosecond laser involves creating an intrastromal lenticule by scanning at two different depth in the corneal stroma and making sidecut incisions, followed by separation and complete removal of the lenticule from the small incision. This technique revolutionizes the traditional refractive surgery to achieve "allinone", with better security, effectiveness, predictability and stability. It has a good prospect in application but its longterm efficacy needs more samples to be further investigated. Related Articles | Metrics

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25-gauge  vitrectomy system for  the surgery of eye anterior segment ZHANG Ying-ying, ZHANG Li-gui. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 104-108.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma.j.issn16735803201202007 Abstract （2590）      PDF（pc） （1465KB）（2116）       Knowledge map    Save One of the most revolutionary developments in vitreoretinal surgery is 25gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. Its use in the treatment of retina diseases has achieved signifcant effects. With the improvement of surgical technique, it has been developed for application to the operation of eye anterior segment, especially for  pediatric cataract surgery, during which  posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy are performed via a corneoscleral limbal or pars plana approach with it. This paper summaries the  principle,  advantages, indications and the potential accomplications of 25gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system for the surgery of eye anterior segment.   (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 104-108)  Related Articles | Metrics

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International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 137-.   Abstract （2555）      PDF（pc） （163KB）（2693）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Transforming growth factor beta and the bleb scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery    ZHANG Jia-ying, XIAO Yi-qin, YE Wen. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 116-121.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn16735803. 2012. 02. 009 Abstract （2521）      PDF（pc） （1630KB）（2386）       Knowledge map    Save Bleb scarring is the main cause of glaucoma filtration surgery failure. Transforming growth factorbeta (TGFβ) can induce the phenotypic modulation of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts, then cause further migration, proliferation of the cells, synthesis of extracellular matrix, and eventually lead to the scarring of the bleb. There had been a lot of researchs at cytokine and gene level  in antifibrotic area in recent years, which include TGFβ antibodies (such as antiTGFβ2 antibody, CAT152), TGFβ inhibitors (such as decorin, chymase inhibitor, SB431542, etc.) and genetic level reagents (such as TGFβ antisense oligonucleotides, etc.) to inhibit the important target and protein expression in TGFβ signaling pathways (such as ALK5/Smad2/Smad3, MAPK, RhoROCK, PI3KAKT signaling pathways, etc.), so as to achieve the role of reducing bleb scarring. But most of these drugs were lack of clinical trials support  and of comparative studies among different drugs. Therefore, indepth studies are still needed to explore the relationship among TGFβ cell signaling pathways, and find the best target for the regulation of bleb scarring.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 116121) Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue factor and agerelated macular degeneration   PENG Wen-yan, YU Ying, CHEN Hui. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 128-133.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn16735803. 2012. 02. 011 Abstract （2503）      PDF（pc） （1204KB）（2175）       Knowledge map    Save Tissue factor (TF) is traditionally assigned to the onset of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Recently, studies showed that an enhanced expression of TF has been implicated in angiogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis, all of which are the key processes underlying the pathogenesis of agerelated macular degeneration (AMD). Furthermore, TF is widely expressed in retinal tissue including retinal cells, inflammatory cells, mature vasculature and neovasculature of the macula characterized by drusen or choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This article reviews the biological features of TF and the potential role of increased TF expression in the pathogenesis of AMD, and helps us to find out a novel target for a safety and effective treatment of AMD.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 128133)    Related Articles | Metrics

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Microglia in the retina and their activation in diabetic retinopathy CHEN Xiao-fei, ZHANG Mao-nian International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (1): 57-61.   DOI: 10-3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2012.01.012 Abstract （2501）            Knowledge map    Save Microglia in the retina are resident immunocompetent cells and originate from myeloid lineage. Resting microglia is sensitive in immune surveillance of surrounding circumstance in normal conditions. While in pathological conditions, microglia are activated and  participate in immune and inflammatory reaction. Although activated microglia is involved in infection limitation and tissue repair through phagocytosis and cytokines release, they may also cause tissue damage when overactivated. Microglial activation has been recognized as a neuropathological hallmark in diabetic retinopathy, indicating their important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. This review summarizes biological characteristics and functions of retinal microglia and present knowledge about their activation in the diabetic retinopathy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Update of apoptosis-related signaling pathways in early diabetic retinopathy FAN Yi-Chao, ZHANG Yu, YE Wen International Review of Ophthalmology    2011, 35 (6): 379-383.   Abstract （2473）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship of structure-function in glaucoma  JIANG Guan-sen, YUAN Yuan-sheng, ZHONG Hua. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 109-115.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn16735803. 2012. 02. 008 Abstract （2464）      PDF（pc） （2354KB）（2113）       Knowledge map    Save Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and functional visual loss characterized by an acquired atrophy of the optic nerve due to the loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons in the retina. Measurement of visual function is usually based on whiteonwhite standard automated perimetry (SAP). Glaucomatous defect in visual field typically manifested as nerve fiber bundle defect. Examination of the optic nerve head topography can be conducted using a variety of imaging techniques such as the retina tomography or similar instruments. Although either structural or functional damage can occur without the other developing, it is generally thought that structural damage is detectable before functional loss with the tools currently available and the location of visual field defect was corresponding with specific retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)  damage. Many studies suggest that  RNFL thickness measurements with OCT may provide a better crosssectional representation of visual function than with HRT II and GDx VCC measurements. The relationship between glaucomatous structure damage and functional changes plays a central role in the diagnosis, classification and visual function evaluation of glaucoma. This article provides a review of the structurefunction relationship in glaucoma.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 109-115) Related Articles | Metrics

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Epigenetics in application to intraocular tumor research LIU Qian, WEI Wen-Bin, International Review of Ophthalmology    2011, 35 (6): 405-409.   Abstract （2462）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The neuroprotective role of Sirt1 in retinal and optic nerve diseases ZHUGE Chun-chun, XU Guo-tong, XU Jing-ying International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (4): 222-227.   DOI: 103760/ cma.j.issn.16735803201204002 Abstract （2443）            Knowledge map    Save Besides involved in metabolism process, cell cycle control and immune response, Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), a member of Class III Histone deacetylase (HDAC), also demonstrated neuroprotective effects on the retinal cells in several retinal and optic nerve diseases. The roles of Sirt1 in the development of retina diseases were reviewed and summarized in this article. The main points included: in diabetic retinopathy models, Sirt1 could inhibit the retinal chronic inflammation, attenuate the retinal neovascularization and cleavage the metabolic memory of retina cells; in optic neuritis and glaucoma models, Sirt1 protected retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from apoptosis; in agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) study, Sirt1 had been proved to be able to rescue the viability and function of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vitro, and decrease the complement factor (CF) Hinduced retinal autoimmunity. On the other hand, Sirt1, as a possible angiogenesis factor, may promote choroidal neovascularization, which needs further confirmation. Sirt1 might be a potential therapeutic target in retinal diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathophysiology of vitreous WANG Ying, Cui-Yan International Review of Ophthalmology    2011, 35 (6): 390-394.   Abstract （2405）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis and treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy LU Bing-Wen, WU Xing-Wei- International Review of Ophthalmology    2013, 37 (1): 36-42.   DOI: 10.3760/ cma. j. issn.1673.5803.2013.01.007 Abstract （2391）      PDF（pc） （3308KB）（1905）       Knowledge map    Save Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a distinct clinical entity characterized by orangered polypoidal subretinal lesions with recurrent serous and hemorrhagic detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurosensory retina. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) has no typical manifestations while indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) can show the presence of choroidal networks of branching vessels as well as polypoidal or aneurismal dilations at the termination of choroidal vessels. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings often present as sharp protrusions of the RPE and the high reflective layer of choroidal capillaries with inner moderate reflections or nodular lesions. PCV should be differentiated from wet agerelated macular degeneration and some chronic central serous choroidal diseases. Although there is no standard protocol for the treatment of PCV, photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal antiVEGF therapy can improve or stabilize patient's vision.   (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2013, 37: 36-42) Related Articles | Metrics

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Paraneoplastic ocular syndromes TU Ying, WEI Wen-Bin International Review of Ophthalmology    2011, 35 (6): 409-414.   Abstract （2364）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Exome sequencing and its application in genetic eye diseases LIN Qing-hong,ZHOU Nan,QI Yan-hua International Review of Ophthalmology    2011, 35 (6): 369-373.   Abstract （2357）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The association of refractive error and amblyopia with congenital ptosis HU Rong, LI Dong-mei. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 84-88.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn. 16735803. 2012. 02. 003 Abstract （2349）      PDF（pc） （1883KB）（2081）       Knowledge map    Save Congenital ptosis is a common congenital eyelid disease. It can cause the change of refractive status (myopia or hyperopia) and associates with amblyopia. It even affects  the patients’ psychological health. On the other hand, the drooping eyelid may add pressure on the cornea, causing changes in the corneal topography. This review summarized the studies on the relationship between congenital ptosis and refractive error, amblyopia and corneal topography.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 84-88) Related Articles | Metrics

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Connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor  in posterior capsular opacification   MA Bo, PEI Cheng, KANG Qian-Yan International Review of Ophthalmology    2011, 35 (6): 400-404.   Abstract （2314）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Classification of posterior vitreous detachment and its relationship to macular diseases SHAO Lei- Wei-Wen-Bin International Review of Ophthalmology    2011, 35 (6): 384-389.   Abstract （2259）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection methods of oxygen tension in vitreous body and retina in vivo ZHOU Hai-yan, YAN Hong International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (1): 66-70.   DOI: 10-3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2012.01.014 Abstract （2228）            Knowledge map    Save This article reviews the recent advance of detection methods about oxygen tension in vitreous body and retina in vivo, which include electrochemical sensor, optical chemical oxygen sensor, fundus camera and liquid crystal wavelength tunable filter and frequencydomain lifetime imaging of oxygen tension, etc. The principle, current research situation and achievements of these methods were briefly introduced. The clinical application and signification of optical chemical oxygen sensor in the measurement of intraocular oxygen tension were also discussed in detail. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic polymorphisms of diabetic retinopathy HE Fang-lin, WANG Zhi-liang International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (1): 62-66.   DOI: 10-3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2012.01.013 Abstract （2217）            Knowledge map    Save Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complex disease which is caused by the interaction of blood glucose levels, duration of diabetes, and genetic and environmental factors. The research of its related genes or susceptibility genes is very active in the recent years. These candidate genes include aldose reductase gene (AR), vascular endothelial growth factor gene (VEGF), angiotensinconvening enzyme gene (ACE), inducible and constitutive nitric oxide synthases gene (NOS), receptor for advanced glycation endproducts gene (RAGE) and so on. DR is a disease of the role of multiple genes, and therefore there is different polymorphisms in each gene. It is very important for us to accurately understand the mechanism of the difference expression of gene during the occurrence and development of DR for the early diagnosis and prevention of DR. The current research advance in DR relevant gene is reviewed in this article.  Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of visual evoked potentials for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis LIU Rui, ZHANG Zuo-ming. International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (2): 138-142.   DOI: 10. 3760/ cma. j. issn16735803. 2012. 02. 013 Abstract （2215）      PDF（pc） （782KB）（2310）       Knowledge map    Save Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.  The vision pathway,  including the retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic thalamus and optic radiation can be involved. The present study showed that visual evoked potentials (VEP) could diagnose earlier than the clinical symptoms of MS and was superior to the MRI for the fundation of  the lesions of visual pathway in MS. Pathological changes of the retina in MS patients could be diagnosed and evaluated combining with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser polarization instrument (SLP). The improvement of VEP techniques will be helpful to the diagnosis and treatment of MS.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 138-142) Related Articles | Metrics

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Scotopic pupil diameter measurement LIU Xue, YANG Ya-bo International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (5): 314-317.   DOI: DOI: 103760/ cma. j. issn. 16735803 2012 05 006 Abstract （2170）            Knowledge map    Save 【Abstract】With the continuous development of refractive surgeries, measurement of scotopic pupil diameter becomes increasingly important. This article aims to introduce three methods of scotopic pupil diameter measurement: the traditional pupil diameter measurement tools, pupil measurement functions built in the anterior segment detectors, and infrared  method. The traditional pupil diameter measurement tools are inexpensive and simple to operate, but there are many deficiencies in scotopic situation. Pupil measurement functions built in the anterior segment detectors are domestic mainstream methods, the accuracy and repeatability of that are between the traditional method and infrared  method. Infrared measurement is the most reliable and widely used in foreign research and clinic, but seldom used in the domestic because of its high price. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 314317) Related Articles | Metrics

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Adverse events of Sildenafil (Viagra) on visual function ZHENG Lei, ZHANG Fu-Yan, WEN Jia-Min International Review of Ophthalmology    2013, 37 (6): 415-418.   DOI: 10.3706/ cma. j. issn.1673-5803.2013.06.013 Abstract （2152）            Knowledge map    Save Sildenafil (Viagra) is a selective inhibitor of PDE5, which used for the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction. The common side effects of Sildenafil have been reported  including facial flushing, headache and nasal hemorrhage. And the adverse events of Sildenafil in ocular are including branch retinal arterial obstruction(BRAO), proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), nonarteritic anterior ischemic opticneuropathy(NAION), and central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC), etc.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2013, 37: 415-418) Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility evaluation of intraocular lens materials WANG Zi-yang, ZHU Si-quan International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (4): 276-280.   DOI: 10 3760/ cma. j. issn. 16735803 2012 04 012 Abstract （2121）            Knowledge map    Save Phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the most effective method for cataract patients. As the implanted biomaterials, IOL can initiate a series of biological reactions. IOL biocompatibility evaluation follows two major principles, which are bio-safety and bio-function principles. Biosafety evaluation includes cytotoxicity tests, genetic toxicity tests, irritation and sensitization test, as well as implantation test. Biofunction evaluation includes the evaluations of uveal biocompatibility and capsular biocompatibility. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The research on corneal wound healing after femtosecond laserLASIK ZU Pei-pei, WANG Yan International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (5): 323-327.   DOI: DOI: 10 3760/ cma. j. issn. 16735803 2012 05 008 Abstract （2104）            Knowledge map    Save 【Abstract】Refractive surgeries damage the cornea epithelial tissue, and then the corneal wound healing would startup. Femtosecond laser, as emerging technology, has gradually become the mainstream method of the cornea refractive surgery. The wound healing process directly influences early postoperative inflammation stimulation and long term clinical effect. The studys on the wound healing induced by excimer laser as well as by femtosecond laser, have already been reported in detail at home and abroad .Therefore, this paper will review the corneal wound healing after femtosecond laserLASIK. There appears more significant inflammatory reaction at early stage after femtosecond laserLASIK than LASIK with a microkeratome. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 323327） Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between CD40 signal passway and choroidal neovascularization SU Yan, LIU Fang International Review of Ophthalmology    2012, 36 (3): 182-188.   DOI: 10 3760/ cma. j. issn. 16735803 2012 03 008 Abstract （2095）            Knowledge map    Save  Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) can be caused by agerelated macular degeneration, pathologic myopia, ocular trauma, and other eye diseases. The pathogenesis of CNV has not been fully elucidated. Cluster of differentiation 40 protein (CD40) and its ligand (CD40L) costimulatory system is an important signal transduction pathway in immune cells, which activates CD40 to stimulate a variety of angiogenic growth factor secretion, such as VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, and leads to the CNV. The high level of expression of CD40 and CD40L has been detected in CNV related diseases. Intervention of CD40 signal pathway may become a new target for CNV treatment. Related Articles | Metrics