Table of Content

25 July 2025, Volume 34 Issue 4

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Observation of choroidal thickness in high myopia with dome-shaped macula

Zhang Qingrong, Huang Houbin,

2025, 34(4):  253-259.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.001

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Objective To observe and compare choroidal thickness in highly myopic eyes with dome-shaped macula (DSM) versus those without DSM. Design  Retrospective case series. Participants  A total of 747 patients (1224 eyes) with high myopia who visited the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital between February 2024 and February 2025 were included. Among them, 111 eyes had DSM and 1113 eyes did not have DSM. Methods  To control for the potential confounding effect of axial length, 111 eyes without DSM were matched (1:1) to the DSM group based on axial length (difference≤0.2 mm) from the pool of 1113 non-DSM eyes. All patients underwent examination using the radial scanning mode of optical coherence tomography (OCT). In the DSM group, a tangent line was drawn to the posterior pole on the OCT image, intersecting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) at two tangent points. Choroidal thickness was measured at these tangent points in each scanning direction (superior, inferior, nasal, temporal, superonasal, inferonasal, superotemporal, inferotemporal). In the non-DSM group, a line was first drawn connecting the fovea to the corresponding outer border of the RPE, and a perpendicular line was dropped from this line. The intersection point of this perpendicular line with the RPE was taken as the center. A circle was drawn using this center point, with a diameter equal to the average baseline width of the matched DSM group. The intersection points of this circle with the RPE served as the tangent points for the non-DSM group, where choroidal thickness was measured in each direction. Main Outcome Measures  Choroidal thickness in each scanning direction. Results  The choroidal thickness at the fovea in the DSM group was (131.17±51.72) μm, significantly higher than that in the non-DSM group (96.28±55.86)μm (P<0.001). The choroidal thickness in the superior, inferior, nasal, temporal, superonasal, inferonasal, superotemporal, and inferotemporal quadrants in the DSM group were (122.71±51.20) μm, (105.07±41.16) μm, (94.32±46.34)μm, (123.25±46.03) μm, (103.18±41.30) μm, (99.38±40.24) μm, (124.06±46.00) μm, and (107.73±42.02) μm, respectively, which were not significantly different from those in the non-DSM group, (133.63±85.81) μm (P=0.910), (115.44±59.87) m (P=0.489), (103.75±50.68) μm (P=0.442), (112.44±75.81) μm (P=0.404), (105.72±55.36) μm (P=0.737), (95.72±41.74) μm (P=0.781), (119.84±65.55) μm (P=0.567), and (114.78±61.72) μm (P=0.583), respectively. Conclusion Changes in choroidal thickness in highly myopic eyes with DSM may be region-specific, characterized by significant thickening in the foveal region but no significant changes in the peripheral choroid.

Analysis of clinical characteristics in patients with nasal tumors presenting with diplopia as the initial symptom

Cao Yangyue, Peng Jingting, Cui Shilei, Ma Zhonghua, Zhao Juan, Jiang Hanqiu, Wang Jiawei

2025, 34(4):  260-265.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.002

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 Objective  To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with nasal tumors presenting with diplopia as the initial symptom. Design  Retrospective case series. Participants  Fifteen patients presenting with diplopia as the initial symptom and ultimately diagnosed with nasal tumors at the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, between January 2009 and December 2024. Methods  Clinical symptoms, signs, and imaging features of the 15 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The disease course, case characteristics, and their potential correlations were examined. Main Outcome Measures  Patient gender, age at onset, main clinical symptoms, neuro-ophthalmic examination findings, imaging results, and pathological diagnoses. Results  Among all 15 patients, 11 were male (73.3%), and ages ranged from 26 to 75 years (mean: 50.2±13.5 years). None exhibited nasal symptoms. Abducens nerve involvement was universal. Isolated abducens nerve palsy occurred in 10 patients (66.7%). Other presentations included abducens plus trigeminal nerve palsy (1 case), abducens, trigeminal, and oculomotor nerve palsy (2 cases), abducens palsy combined with trigeminal nerve palsy and Horner syndrome (1 case) and abducens palsy with papilledema (1 case). Pathological types were predominantly nasopharyngeal carcinoma (9 cases, 60%), followed by fibrosarcoma (2 cases), and one case each of adenoid cystic carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor, Rosai-Dorfman disease, and lymphoma. Among the 10 patients with isolated abducens nerve palsy, 2 had lymph node metastasis and 1 had both lymph node and bone metastasis (metastasis rate: 30%). Of the 4 patients with abducens plus trigeminal nerve palsy, 2 (50%) showed no metastasis. Both patients with additional oculomotor nerve palsy developed metastasis (100%): one had lymph node metastasis, and the other had lymph node, para-aortic lymph node, and bone metastasis. Conclusion  This study showed that nasal tumors presenting with diplopia as the initial symptom were uniformly malignant and lacked significant nasal symptoms. Isolated abducens nerve palsy was the most common sole clinical manifestation. Concurrent involvement of the trigeminal and oculomotor nerves was associated with a high metastasis rate. 


Preliminary study on the histopathology of nasolacrimal duct tissue and the biofilm on the surface of the stent after intubation 

Wang Xuemei, Qu Chao

2025, 34(4):  266-271.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.003

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 Objective To observe the pathological changes of the nasolacrimal duct at different time points after intubation and the biofilm on the surface of the stent. Design Experimental study. Participants  Eight New Zealand rabbits; the stents of 5 patients diagnosed with nasolacrimal duct obstruction and underwent intubation, who had no signs of infection in the postoperative period. Methods  A rabbit model of nasolacrimal duct obstruction was made, and intubation was performed after successful modeling. The rabbits were executed at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the operation (two rabbits per week), and the stent was dissected, and tissue sections were taken for observation. In all 5 patients, the duct was removed 12 weeks after surgery. Bacterial culture was performed on the removed stent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence microscopy were employed to observe and analyze the stents. Main Outcome Measures  Inflammation and fibroproliferation of rabbit nasolacrimal and biofilm. Results HE staining indicated that at 1 week and 4 weeks after intubation, inflammatory cell infiltration and a small amount of epithelial cell shedding were observed in rabbits' mucosal epithelium and lamina propria of the nasolacrimal duct. At 8 weeks and 12 weeks after the operation, the shedding of mucosal epithelium was found to be increased compared with that before. Masson staining indicated that the collagen staining score was approximately 0.314 at 12 weeks after intubation, significantly higher than that at 1 week (0.023) and 4 weeks (0.076) after the operation. Inflammatory cell infiltration was the primary manifestation of rabbit nasolacrimal duct stent implantation at 1 week and 4 weeks postoperatively, and a small amount of epithelial cell detachment was seen. Fibroproliferation was significantly worse at 12 weeks postoperatively than before. Bacterial cultures of all 5 samples revealed positive aerobic bacteria, and 1 sample also showed positive anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial biofilms were observed in all samples, and SEM analysis indicated that these biofilms primarily consisted of cocci and rod-shaped bacteria with three-dimensional extracellular matrices and water channels. TEM suggests the presence of bacteria with intact structures in biofilms that are surrounded by a rich extracellular matrix. Fluorescence microscopy also revealed numerous bacteria on the surface. Conclusions Inflammation and fibrous proliferation of the nasolacrimal tissue after intubation may increase the rate of re-obstruction. In addition, biofilm colonization of the stent surface is common but does not necessarily lead to postoperative infection and recanalization failure.   


Safety and efficacy evaluation of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid loaded mitomycin nanoparticles in inhibiting postoperative fiber proliferation in glaucoma surgery in vitro research 

Li Tao, Zhao Ling, Cao Huirong, Yang Xue, Xiong Silun, Liu Guogang, Tang Juan

2025, 34(4):  272-278.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.004

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Objective  To prepare a nano medicine(MMC-ATS-@PLGA) with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) as the carrier, mitomycin C (MMC) loading on the PLGA, and analyze the biological safety and anti-inflammatory effect of MMC-ATS-@PLGA on inhibiting the fiber proliferation after glaucoma surgery from an in vitro experimental perspective. Design  Experimental research. Participants  Rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts (RCF). Methods  The thin film dispersion hydration ultrasound method was used to prepare nano drug MMC-ATS-@PLGA. The physical and chemical properties of MMC-ATS-@PLGA were detected. The effect of MMC-ATS-@-PLGA on the activity of rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts (RCF)was evaluated using CCK-8 and Cam PI cell viability staining. The flow cytometry, cell immunofluorescence, q-PCR, and other methods from multiple perspectives were used to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of flumiolone eye drops (FML), MMC, and MMC-ATS-@PLGA nanoparticles on inflamed RCF cells in vitro research. Main Outcome Measures  Physical and chemical properties, RCF activity, anti-inflammatory effects. Results  The average particle size and zeta potential of MMC-ATS-@PLGA are (128.78±2.54) nm and 36.49±4.25) mV, with encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate of (78.49±2.75) % and (30.86±1.84) %, respectively. Under the condition of 33℃ (ocular surface temperature), the cumulative release of MMC-ATS-@PLGA nanoparticles can reach (76.58±2.68) % after 600 minutes. The cell morphology and flow cytometry results showed that MMC-ATS-@PLGA can effectively promote the apoptosis of inflammatory RCF cells, resulting in smaller cell morphology and a pyknotic appearance of the nucleus. Further research confirmed from the perspectives of cell immunofluorescence and Q-PCR experiments that after inflammatory RCF cells co-incubation with FML, MMC, and MMC-ATS-@PLGA for 24 hours, the expression intensity of α-SMA, CTGF, and type III collagen fiber showed a gradually decreasing trend, with the MMC-ATS-@PLGA group showing the most significant decrease , and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion  This study successfully synthesized a nanomedicine MMC-ATS-@PLGA that can inhibit the scar proliferation after glaucoma surgery. The cytotoxicity of this nano-drug was significantly reduced, and the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro was enhanced. This research provided a new treatment approach for anti-scar proliferation and improving surgical success rate after glaucoma surgery.


Comparison of visual quality after implantation of extended depth-of-focus and rotational asymmetric refractive intraocular lenses

Wan Yu, Song Xudong, Tao Jing

2025, 34(4):  279-284.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.005

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 Objective  To compare the visual quality after implantation of extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) and rotational asymmetric refractive intraocular lenses(IOL). Design  Retrospective cohort study. Participants  A total of 78 patients (110 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation at Beijing Tongren Hospital between July 2023 and October 2024. Methods  Based on the type of IOL implanted, patients were divided into the EDOF group (TECNIS Symfony ZXR00 IOL) included 46 patients (62 eyes), and rotational asymmetric refractive group (SBL-3 IOL) comprised 32 patients (48 eyes). At 3 months postoperatively, uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), and near (UNVA) visual acuity, defocus curves, and visual function satisfaction questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) results were compared. Objective visual quality was assessed using the OPD-Scan III aberrometer. Main Outcome Measures  Postoperative distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity; defocus curves; visual satisfaction scores; total and higher-order aberrations (HOAs); Strehl ratio (SR); and modulation transfer function (MTF). Results  At 3 months postoperatively, no significant differences were observed in UDVA or UNVA between the two groups. The EDOF group demonstrated significantly better in UIVA than the rotational asymmetric refractive group (P<0.001). Defocus curves revealed a flat profile from 0.0 to -2.5 D in the EDOF group, whereas the rotational asymmetric refractive group exhibited a bifocal pattern with peaks at 0.0 D and -2.5 D. No significant differences were found in NEI VFQ-25 total or subscale scores. At 3 mm pupil diameter, the EDOF group showed lower spherical aberration than the rotational asymmetric refractive group (P=0.017). At 5 mm and 6 mm pupil diameters, spherical aberration was higher in the EDOF group (P=0.020, 0.030). Coma aberration was lower in the EDOF group at 3~5 mm pupil diameters (all P<0.001). Trefoil and total ocular aberrations were significantly lower in the EDOF group across all pupil diameters (all P<0.001). The EDOF group also exhibited higher SR and MTF values compared to the rotational asymmetric refractive group (all P<0.001). Conclusion  Both EDOF and rotational asymmetric refractive IOL provide effective full-range vision and satisfactory visual quality. The EDOF IOL offers superior intermediate vision, though its spherical aberration is more influenced by pupil size.


Preliminary application of lidocaine anterior chamber anesthesia in complex cataract phacoemulsification surgery 

Jiang Jianwei, Chen Danyun, Liu Bin, Huang Yuntang

2025, 34(4):  285-288.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.006

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 Objective  To investigate the clinical value of two different anesthesia methods in complicated cataract phacoemulsification surgery. Design Randomized controlled clinical study. Participants 82 patients (82 eyes) underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation surgery for day-care unit complex cataracts at the Quanzhou Women′s and Children′s Hospital from May 2022 to September 2023. Methods In the treatment group, surface anesthesia combined with 0.5% lidocaine for anterior chamber anesthesia was performed. In the control group, surface anesthesia combined with 2% lidocaine postglobular anesthesia was performed. The degree of intraoperative pain is graded using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Main Outcome Measures Intraoperative pain and phacoemulsification operation time. Results The age, preoperative intraocular pressure, number of corneal endothelial cells, and composition of cataract types were balanced between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05). The control group had a surgical time of (23.63±4.88) minutes, while the treatment group had a surgical time of (18.78±3.22) minutes (t=5.307, P=0.000). In the control group, there were 7 cases of mild to moderate pain during surgery, and 0 case of severe pain; There were 5 cases of mild to moderate pain and 0 case of severe pain in the treatment group (χ2=0.502, P=0.778). One month after surgery, the decrease in corneal endothelium compared to preoperative levels was (229.27±65.00) cells/mm2 in the control group and (243.20±41.19) cells/mm2 in the treatment group (t=1.159, P=0.250). Conclusions The difference between the two different anesthesia methods is not significant. The lidocaine anterior chamber anesthesia has the advantages of quick effect, less operation and fewer complications. It is an ideal anesthesia method for complicated cataract surgery.


Cost-effectiveness analysis of cost control for cataract surgery patients under the national centralized procurement policy#br#

Zhao Yi, Meng Qingling

2025, 34(4):  289-293.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.007

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 Objective To analyze the cost-control effectiveness of cataract surgery under the national centralized procurement policy. Design Health economics evaluation. Participants Hospitalized patients undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation at Beijing Tongren Hospital from January to December, 2024, including 18,743 cases (18,743 eyes) before policy implementation (pre-procurement group) and 19,346 cases (19,346 eyes) after implementation (post-procurement group). Methods Compare and analyze the brand specifications, dosage, and average hospitalization expenses of IOL used by patients before and after centralized procurement. Compare the average total hospitalization cost and material cost per case of DRGs paid patients admitted by the top 15 doctors in terms of surgical volume with the average medical insurance cost in Beijing in 2024. Main Outcome Measures Utilization rates of monofocal and multifocal IOLs; per-case total hospitalization costs and material costs. Results Post-policy implementation: Monofocal IOL usage decreased by 39.29%, while multifocal (including extended depth-of-focus) IOL utilization rose to 44.84%. Per-case total hospitalization costs decreased by RMB 647.83, with material costs dropping RMB 774.50 (22.29%), of which over 90% was attributable to reduced IOL expenses. Among the top 15 surgeons, 6 achieved per-case material costs below Beijing’s average (0.96%-19.99% reduction) , and 11 achieved per-case total hospitalization costs below the average (1.92%-20.99% reduction). Conclusion  After the introduction of the national centralized procurement policy of IOL, through the implementation of the DRGs payment reform policy linkage mechanism with Beijing medical insurance, it not only effectively realized the rationalization control of medical expenses, but also optimized the allocation of resources, so that medical services can better respond to the personalized medical needs of cataract patients on the basis of ensuring the basic needs.


Evolution trends and hotspots in international laser corneal refractive surgery based on bibliometrics

Wen Shuiqian, Cao Kaiwei, Li Jingchao, Li Chongyi, Liu Ting

2025, 34(4):  294-301.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.008

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Objective  To understand the current research status of international laser corneal refractive surgery, and explore research hotspots and developmental trends in this field. Design  Bibliometrics. Participants  Journal articles related to laser corneal refractive surgery from 1999 to 2024, retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection as the data source. Methods  After data deduplication, standardized processing and bibliometric analysis were conducted on publication time, institutions, authors, journal sources, keywords, etc. Visualization analysis maps were generated using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the Bibliometrix R package. Main Outcome Measures  Publication volume, authors, distribution of journals, countries/regions, and institutions, keyword thematic maps, hotspot trends. Results  A total of 12,171 articles were included. The publication volume of international laser corneal refractive surgery showed a linear increasing trend year by year. The United States(2626 articles), China(2239 articles), and several European countries contributed the majority of global publications in this field. In recent years, China's academic influence has gradually increased, with Zhou Xingtao's team (145 articles) from Fudan University leading domestic research in this area. Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (cited 52177 times) and Ophthalmology (cited 22217 times) are key journals in this field. Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), femtosecond laser, and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) are core topics and academic hotspots in laser corneal refractive surgery. Among them, the term “LASIK” has the highest overall frequency of occurrence (1446 out of 5794, 24.96%), while the term “SMILE” has the largest proportion of occurrences in the past five years (505 out of 745, 67.79%). Conclusion  Over the past 25 years, global laser corneal refractive surgery has developed steadily, showing an overall upward trend. Future research trends are expected to focus on the treatment of postoperative complications, improvement of visual quality, and the application of artificial intelligence and deep learning. Overall, the SMILE procedure is relatively newer in the field, while the LASIK procedure is more mature and widely adopted. 



Investigation on the myopia cognitivelevel of parents of primary school students in Beijing and its relationship with the progression rate of myopia in primary school students#br#

Yan Yanni, Wang Qian, Wei Wenbin

2025, 34(4):  302-308.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.009

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Objective  To investigate parents' awareness of the potential risks of myopia and their understanding of prevention and control strategies, and to explore the relationship between parents' awareness and the progression rate of myopia in children, providing a basis for conducting precise myopia health education. Design Prospective cohort study. Participants 383 primary school students from grades 4 to 6 at Peixin Primary School in Dongcheng District and their parents, Beijing in 2024. Methods  The subjects underwent vision screening, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic computerized refraction, and ocular biometry in 2023 and 2024. Calculate the axial length growth and equivalent spherical lens growth of primary school students from 2023 to 2024. Online questionnaires were distributed to the guardians to understand the students' eye usage behaviors and their parents' awareness of the potential risks of myopia and its prevention and control strategies in 2024. Main Outcome Measures  Parents' cognitive level of myopia prevention and control, subjects' axial length growth and spherical equivalent growth in one year. Results  Among the 383 primary school students, 126 wore corrective glasses for myopia, 96 were screened for myopia but did not wear corrective glasses, and 137 were screened for myopia. 6.8% of primary school students spend more than 2 hours outdoors every day. The axial length increase within one year of children with myopia who were not wearing glasses [0.35 (0.25, 0.47) mm] was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of children wearing glasses [0.23 (0.13, 0.34) mm]; the increase in equivalent spherical lens within one year of children with myopia who were not wearing glasses [0.50 (0.25, 1.00) D] was significantly higher (P=0.027) than that of children wearing glasses [0.50 (0.00, 0.75) D]. 70.1% of the parents expressed moderate or higher levels of concern about their children's myopia. The two main reasons for parents' concerns were the impact on appearance and sports due to wearing glasses (70.1%) and eye complications (58.2%). Parents of children with myopia who were not wearing glasses had the highest proportion of concerns about the impact on appearance and sports (79.2%), which was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of parents of non-myopic children (65.7%), and higher than that of parents of children wearing glasses (70.6%), but without statistical significance (P>0.05). The faster axial length growth of children was significantly correlated with parents' concerns about ocular complications (P=0.007) and concerns about the impact of wearing glasses on appearance and movement (P=0.047). The awareness level of basic myopia intervention measures among parents of primary school students in Beijing was generally low. Only 33.7% of the parents knew that children should have at least 2 h of outdoor activities every day. Parents who expressed concern regarding potential eye complications associated with myopia demonstrated significantly higher scores (P=0.016) in the assessment of cognition related to myopia prevention and control, compared to those who did not express such concern. 79.6% of the parents believed that it was "very necessary" or "relatively necessary" to conduct myopia science popularization education. Medical institutions, schools, and online platforms were the preferred channels for parents to obtain myopia prevention and control knowledge. Conclusions  The awareness of myopia among parents of primary school students in Beijing needs to be improved urgently. Parents' correct understanding of the potential risks of myopia is conducive to enhance their awareness of myopia prevention and control; conversely, incorrect understanding may delay the intervention and treatment of myopia, leading to rapid progression of myopia. The collaboration between medical institutions and schools, using online platforms to enhance parents' awareness of myopia prevention and treatment through family health education, will be an effective approach to controlling myopia in children. 

Preliminary observation on the intervention effect of self-transcendence health education model on blood glucose control and quality of life in patients with diabetes retinopathy

Huang Xinying, Wang Jingxue, Liu Ran, Zeng Xianhong

2025, 34(4):  309-313.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.010

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 Objective To explore the effect of the health education model based on the theory of self-transcendence applied to the blood glucose control and quality of life of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Design  Interventional research. Participants 138 patients with DR from May 2021 to May 2023 in Beijing Tongren Hospital. Methods The self-transcendence health education model conducts systematic intervention through centralized lectures, Wechat official account push notifications, communication in patient Wechat groups, one-on-one communication, collective teaching, and patient symposiums, covering diversified contents such as disease cognition education and personalized plan formulation. This model unfolds around four core aspects including inner activities and experiences, caring for others and transcending self-boundaries, looking back on the past and looking forward to the future, and individual spirit and strength. Before intervention and after intervention of 3 months, questionnaires of the Chinese version of the Self-Transcendence Scale, the Self-Management Scale for Diabetic Patients, and the Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale, as well as blood biochemical index tests were conducted for all patients. Effective intervention refers to the improvement of the scores of the three questionnaires and blood biochemical indicators. Main Outcome Measures  Blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride levels; the scores of questionnaires. Result  After the self-transcendence health education intervention of 3 months, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, and triglycerides were significantly lower than those before the intervention (all P<0.05). The scores of the patients' Self-Transcendence Scale, Self-Management Scale and Quality of Life Scale were all significantly increased compared with those before the intervention (all P<0.05). There was no statistical change in visual acuity (P>0.05). The effective rate of the intervention was 70.29%. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients under 55 years old (OR=3.570), with higher visual acuity levels (OR=85.093), and no other complications (OR=3.239) had a higher possibility of effective intervention. Patients with an educational attainment below junior high school (OR=0.237), a family income of less than 4,000 Yuan (OR=0.267), and those who are unmarried or divorced have a lower possibility of effective intervention (OR=0.100). Conclusion  The application of the self-transcendence health education model in DR patients is conducive to blood sugar control and the improvement of quality of life. However, the intervention effect of this model is affected by the patient's age, educational level, income level, marital status, vision level and other complications.    


Molecular mechanism of matrine in treating retinoblastoma based on network pharmacology

Zhang Siyao, Lian Haidong, Liu Jialin, Dong Xingxing, Yuan Ting, Wan Huijuan, Zhao Xinrong

2025, 34(4):  314-318.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.04.011

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 Objective  In order to explore the molecular mechanism of matrine in treating retinoblastoma based on network pharmacological analysis. Design  Network pharmacology analysis. Participants  Network database literatures related to the treatment of retinoblastoma with matrine. Methods Taking matrine as the object, the corresponding potential drug targets in matrine were obtained from Swiss Target Prediction database. Retinoblastoma-related targets were collected through the GeneCards, OMIM, and CTD database. Furthermore, core targets were screened by establishing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed. Finally, the molecular docking calculation was performed to evaluate the interaction between matrine and core targets. Main Outcome Measures  Core targets. Results  Matrine contained 100 targets. A total of 4419 targets for retinoblastoma were obtained. The topology analysis results of the PPI network showed that 6 main targets such as HSP 90AA1, HDAC2, BRD4, HDAC6, PARP1, JAK2. GO enrichment analysis found that Biological process (BP) mainly includes response to ketone, cellular response to nitrogen compound and regulation of hormone levels, etc; Cell components(CC) mainly include dendrite and histone deacety lase complex, etc; Molecular functions(MF) mainly include histone deacety lase activity, neurotransmitter receptor activity and growth hormone receptor binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that it involved viral carcinogenesis, necroptosis, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and PI3K-Aktsignaling pathway, etc. Molecular docking showed that matrine had good binding with the core targets. Conclusions  Matrine acts on targets such as HSP90AA1, HDAC2, JAK2, BRD4, HDAC6, and PARP1, and exerts therapeutic effects on retinoblastoma by regulating viral carcinogenesis, necroptosis, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and PI3K-Aktsignaling pathway, etc.