Corneal biomechanics are fundamental properties that determine the morphological stability and optical function of the cornea. Factors affecting corneal biomechanics include physiological factors (e.g., age, intraocular pressure, refractive status, hormonal levels), behavioral factors (e.g., contact lens wear, use of eye drops, eye rubbing, smoking), ocular and systemic diseases (e.g., keratoconus, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, dry eye disease, keratoconjunctivitis, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy), as well as surgical interventions and trauma. These factors collectively regulate corneal properties such as stiffness, deformability, and energy dissipation.
