Objective To study the constituent ratio of disease?in ocular fundus image reading of teleophthalmology. Design Retrospective case series. Participants The same ophthalmologist continuous in Beijing Tongren Hospital reading center of teleophthalmology during March to April in 2015, evaluated patient data 1192 cases, from 54 Chinese different grassroots hospitals. Methods The report data of evaluation were exported with Daheng Prust remote reading database software, and analyzed with Excel and SPSS software. If the diagnosis of the screening was not explicit, another ophthalmologist would check the diagnosis data in the database. The disease constituent ratios in different age groups (＜50 and≥ 50) and in different geographic location( the northern and southern of the Yellow River ) were compared. Main Outcome Measures The disease constituent ratio. Result In the all 1192 cases, ametropia was in 408 cases (34.3%), cataract in 273 cases (22.9%), hypertensive retinopathy in 228 cases (19.1%), normal fundus in 160 cases (13.4%), retinal arteriosclerosis in 114 cases (9.6%), diabetic retinopathy in 85 cases (7.1%), macular and the posterior proretinal membrane in 57 cases (4.8%), pathological myopia in 47 cases (3.9%), glaucoma in 29 cases (2.4%), suspected glaucoma in 27 cases (2.3%), branch retinal vein occlusion in 25 cases (2.1%), diabetic macular edema in 21 cases (1.8%), age-related macular degeneration in 21 cases (1.8%). The disease diagnosis in less than 50 year group (366 cases) and in 50 years and over group (826 cases) respectively were ametropia in 168 cases (45.9%) and in 240 cases (29.1%); normal fundus in 106 cases (29.0%) and in 54 cases (6.5%); cataract in 19 cases (5.2%) and in 254 cases (30.8%); hypertensive retinopathy in 23 cases (6.3%) and in 205 cases (24.8%); retinal arteriosclerosis in 4 cases (1.1%) and in 109 cases (13.2); diabetic retinopathy in 10 cases (2.7%) and in 75 cases (9.1%); macular and the posterior retinal membrane in 0 cases (0%) and in 57 cases (6.9%); glaucoma in 4 cases (1.1%) and in 25 cases (3.0%); branch retinal vein occlusion in 2 cases (0.5%) and in 23 cases (2.8%); age-related macular degeneration in 0 cases (0%) and in 21 cases (2.5%). The disease constitution in the northern of the Yellow River group (796 cases) and in the southern of Yellow River (396 cases) group were hypertensive retinopathy in 172 cases (21.6%) and in 56 cases (14.1%); glaucoma in 12 cases (1.5%) and in 17 cases (4.3%); posterior vitreous detachment in 13 cases (1.6%) and in 14 cases (3.5%). Conclusion In present teleophthalmology screening based on fundus images reading, 1/3 of the patients belong to the ametropia. The ocular manifestations of the common systemic eye diseases are hypertensive retinopathy, retinal arteriosclerosis, and diabetic retinopathy, etc. The common eye diseases were mainly cataract, macular membrane, pathological myopia, glaucoma, etc. Cataract, hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, macular membrane, glaucoma are more common in aged 50 years or more. Hypertensive retinopathy is more common in patients of the northern of the Yellow River. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2015, 24: 220-225)