Table of Content

25 May 2015, Volume 24 Issue 3

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Application prospect of optic coherence tomography angiography in ophthalmology

WEI Wen-bin, ZENG Si-yan

2015, 24(3):  145-148.  doi:DOI：10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.001

Asbtract ( 323 )   PDF (3822KB) ( 1129 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Optic coherence tomography(OCT) is one of the most rapid developing technologies in ophthalmology, and OCT angiography is the most potential one in OCT aspect. It is the only noninvasive angiographic technology without the need of the injection of the contrast agent. OCT angiography will soon be widely used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and follow up of fundus diseases, and will develop rapidly with vast application prospect in ophthalmological clinic.

Pay attention to the effect of topical antiglaucomatous therapy on ocular surface

WU Ling-ling

2015, 24(3):  149-151.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.002

Asbtract ( 901 )   PDF (1340KB) ( 6221 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The majority of primary glaucoma has a chronic course and induces visual loss finally. However it’s a pity that there’s no perfect cure for glaucoma but to reduce intraocular pressure to prevent further visual field defects, among which administering eyedrops is the most common and safest choice and may often be a life-long treatment for a glaucoma patient. Long-term administering of eyedrops would induce some side effects, especially may result in ocular surface disorders and significantly decrease the treatment efficacy. Therefore, how to improve the health condition of ocular surface for a glaucoma patient is an important issue for anti-glaucoma therapy. This paper focuses on the harmfulness of long-term topical antiglaucomatous therapy and the pathogenesis of the ocular surface diseases in glaucoma patients, and how to improve the glaucoma patient’s health condition of ocular surface.

Effects of benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-free travoprost eye drops on dry eye symptoms and tear film functions in glauco-matous patients

TAO Yuan1, LIU Ying2

2015, 24(3):  153-155.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.004

Asbtract ( 909 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To observe the ocular surface changes in glaucomatous patients treated with benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-free travoprost eye drops. Design Prospective case series. Participants Twenty-two glaucomatous patients (44 eyes) treated with travoprost eye drops with BAK before changing BAK-free eye drops. Methods Questionnaire, tear break-up time (BUT), and Schirmer’s test (ST) were tested before using BAK-free travoprost eye drops and repeated after using BAK-free eye drops 1 week,1 month and 3 months.Main Outcome Measures Symptom scores, BUT, and ST. Results The average BUT in the subjects was (6.95±1.24) s at the beginning, and increased to (7.69±1.17) s and (9.47±1.01) s after BAK-free eye drops medication treatment for 1 month and 3 months, respectively(all P=0.0000). The average ST in the subjects was (8.43±1.73) mm at the beginning, and increased to (10.80±1.58) mm and (12.36±1.54) mm after BAK-free eye drops medication treatment for 1 month and 3 months, respectively(all P=0.0000). The average score of questionnaire in the subjects was 29.68±11.58 at the beginning, and decreased to 24.73±7.27 and 21.45±6.88 after BAK-free eye drops medication treatment for 1 month and 3 months, respectively(P=0.0003, 0.0000). Conclusion Symptoms of glaucoma patients treated with travoprost eye drops suffered from dry eye were relieved obviously and the tear volume and tear film stability were improved by changing as BAK-free travoprost eye drops.

Concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the tear of visual display terminal workers

FAN Yuan-yuan1, RUAN Yu-xia2, YANG Xin1

2015, 24(3):  156-160.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.005

Asbtract ( 984 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the tear of visual display terminal (VDT) users. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants VDT users of 45 cases (45 eyes). Method All the 45 VDT workers were divided into 3 groups according to the average work hours of VDT per day (group 1: VDT work time > 8 hours; group 2: VDT work time was 4~8 hours; group 3: VDT work time < 4 hours). Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was performed. The ocular surface feature, prevalence of dry eye were evaluated by corneal vital staining with fluorescein, tear break-up time (BUT), and Schirmer test. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations (ng/ml) in tear were quantified with double antibodys and wichenzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA). Main Outcome Measures Score of the OSDI, BUT, Schirmer I, corneal fluorescein staining, concentration of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in tear. Results The percentage of dry eye in VDT workers was 13.3%. There was significant difference in OSDI score among 3 groups (F=6.11, P=0.005): group 1 was higher than group 3 (P=0.003); there was no significant difference between group 2 and group 1(P=0.311), group 2 and group 3(P=0.319). There were no significant differences of TBUT, Schirmer I, corneal fluorescein staining in 3 groups (P=0.687, 0.122, 0.714). The mean concentration of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in tear was significant difference among 3 groups (P =0.000). The concentration of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in group 1 was 9.579±0.48 ng/ml and 3.174±0.29 ng/ml respectively, which both higher than group 2 (7.403±0.06 ng/ml and 2.286±0.28 ng/ml)(P=0.004, 0.005) and group 3(2.111±0.17 ng/ml and 0.391±0.06 ng/ml)(P=0.000). There were no significant differences in MMP-9 and TIMP-1 between before and after VDT work except in group 1 (P=0.04, 0.01). Conclusion Significant increase of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentration in tear in longer VDT work time group may be suggestive of time cumulative effect was contained. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 daily change in VDT workers maybe relate with dry eye.

Effects and safety of brimonidine 0.2% and betaxolol 0.25% combined therapy for glaucoma

JIA Li-yun, ZHAO Bo-wen, SANG Jing-hong, ZHANG Ni-hong, WANG Ning-li

2015, 24(3):  160-163.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.006

Asbtract ( 837 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the short-time effects and safety of brimonidine 0.2% and betaxolol 0.25% combined therapy in the treatment of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension patients. Design Prospective case series. Participants POAG 32 cases (57 eyes), 14 cases (27 eyes) of ocular hypertension.Methods after a washing out phase, Brimonidine 0.2% combined Betaxolol 0.25% were administered to the participants twice daily. The Goldman intraocular pressure (IOP) and the side effects were observed before and after 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks the administration of the eye drops. The observing duration was 3 months. Main Outcome Measures IOP, adverse reaction. Results After two to twelve weeks of the combined madication, the average IOP decreased 5.71~7.38 mmHg, with an average decline of 21.94%~39.01% There was no significant difference between right and left eye (P>0.05), and between the genders (P>0.05). During follow-up, 3 patients exited the test because can’t tolerate eye irritation. 7 cases (8.33%) in eye secretions increase; 5 cases (5.95%) experienced eye hurt; the burning sensation in the eye in 10 cases (11.9%); 7 cases with bitter tast (8.33%); three cases (3.57%) appeared eyebrow with headache pain; the vision and anterior segment had no significant changes. Conclusion The short-time research results show that brimonidine 0.2% and betaxolol 0.25% combined therapy has bene?cial IOP-lowering effects and few side effects for the patients with POAG or ocular hypertension. 

Comparison of the difference between practical and predicted ablated depth in mypoia corrected by VisxStarS4 excimer laser

QI Ying, ZHOU Yue-hua, ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Li

2015, 24(3):  164-166.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.007

Asbtract ( 893 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

 Objective To predict the residual corneal depth more accurately by comparing the difference between practical and predicted ablated depth in different mypoic diopter eyes corrected by VisxStarS4 excimer laser. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 119 cases (234 eyes) with myopia were corrected by VisxStarS4 excimer laser in Tongren Hospital. The patients were divided into group I (low myopia, >-3 D 63 eyes),group II (medium myopia, -3~-6 D 93 eyes) and group III(high myopia, <-6 D 78 eyes).Methods Corneal flap was made with Zimmer femtosecond laser. VisxStarS4 excimer laser ablated the corneal stroma. The central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before operation and 1 week after operation, to obtain the difference values between practical ablation depth and the predicted ablation depth. Main Outcome Measures CCT, difference value between practical and predicted ablation depth. Results The average CCT before operation of the group I, II, and III groups was 521.95±37.97 μm, 523.16±30.38 μm, and 524.77 ± 33.57 μm respectively (F=0.125, P=0.882). The predicted ablation depth (41.83±8.53 μm, 69.15±12.72 μm, 96.23±11.46 μm) was significantly different from practical ablation depth (46.13±9.78 μm, 77.05±16.72 μm, 107.78±14.27 μm) in each group (t=-2.63, -3.63, -5.57; P=0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, respectively. The average difference between practical and predicted ablated depth in three groups was 6.40±4.44 μm, 8.89±6.84 μm, 11.81 ± 8.72 μm, respectively (F=10.497, P<0.001). The average difference values was significant different from each other when compared between any two of the three groups (P=0.030, 0.007, 0.000, respectively). Conclusion VisxStarS4 excimer laser can accurately predict the corneal ablation depth particularly in low and moderate myopia. The practical ablated value is more than the predicted ablated value.

Comparative study of short-term antiproliferative effect between suramin and taxol on trabeculetomy in rabbit

YAO Bo, XIN Zhi-kun

2015, 24(3):  167-171.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.008

Asbtract ( 682 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

 Objective To investigate the difference of short-term antiproliferative effect between taxol and suramin on trabeculetomy in rabbit. Design Experimental study. Participants 24 New Zealand albino rabbits. Methods 24 albino rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, each group consisting of 8 rabbits (16 eyes). Both eyes of rabbits were performed trabaculetomy and placed a piece of cotton with 0.3 mg/ml mitomycin C (MMC) for 2 minutes in standard control group, 0.4 mg/ml taxol for 2 minutes in taxol group, 0.4 mg/ml suramin for 2 minutes in suramin group respectively during the surgery. The filtration bleb and intraocular pressure(IOP) were observed at 3, 7, 15, and 30 days after surgery. Some conjunctival specimen were observed with hitochemicall (HE staining) and immunohistochemicall (PCNA staining) methods. Main Outcome Measures IOP, filtering bleb appearance, histopathological staining. Results The percentages of the functional blebs in taxol group and suramin group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), and the percentage of the functional blebs in suramin group was higher than that in taxol group at 15 and 30 days after surgery (all P<0.05). IOPs in taxol group and suramin group were lower than that in standard control group (all P＜0.05), and IOP in suramin group was lower than that in taxol group at 7, 15, 30 days after surgery (all P＜0.05). PCNA staining showed the numbers of positive cell nuclear in taxol group and suramin group were lower than that in standard control group (all P＜0.05), and the number of PCNA staining positive cells in suramin group had been lower than that in taxol group at 7, 15, 30 days after surgery (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Taxol and suramin can maintain effectively functional blebs after trabeculectomy in rabbit. The efficacy of both 0.4 mg/ml taxol and 0.4 mg/ml suramin is better than that of 0.3mg/ml MMC, and the efficacy of suramin is the best. 

Efficacy of nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (NES-DCR) for children's complexity lacrimal duct obstruction

CUI Yan-hui1, YU Gang1, FAN Jin-lu2, ZHANG Cheng-yue1, WU Qian1, CAO Wen-hong1, FAN Yun-wei1

2015, 24(3):  171-176.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.009

Asbtract ( 575 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the safety, feasibility and clinical efficacy of nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (NES-DCR) for children complexity lacrimal duct obstruction. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Children complexity lacrimal duct obstruction 20 cases (25 eyes). In which, 14 cases (19 eyes) of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with bony lacrimal duct dysplasia; 6 cases (6 eyes) of traumatic lacrimal duct obstruction. Methods Under the nasal endoscopic direct dacryocystorhinostomy with or without joint of lacrimal duct expansion of silicone tube implantation was performed. After 3 months, lacrimal duct expansion pipe was taken off. Follow-up 6 ~ 18 months. The situation of the postoperative symptoms, the smooth of the lacrimal passage, the size and opening of the anastomotic, and the complications were observed. The efficiency was evaluated. Main Outcome Measures The cure rate, effective rate, and the complications. Results The total effective rate was 96%, only 1 case had no effect, who was a traumatic dacryocystitis patient. The effective rate was 100% in the congenital osseous anomalies group, and the cure rate was 94.4%; the effective rate was 83.3% in the trauma group, and the cure rate was 50%. No obvious postoperative complications were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion The nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (NES-DCR) provides children complexity lacrimal duct obstruction a relatively safe and effective treatment, especially for the congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction merge bony nasolacrimal duct dysplasia cases.

Clinical features of 393 cases of retinitis pigmentosa

TIAN Bei, ZHU Xiao-qing

2015, 24(3):  177-181.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.010

Asbtract ( 593 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze clinical features of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 393 patients with RP who consulted in Beijing Tongren Eye Center between January 2007 and May 2014. Methods Basic characterization, clinical history and clinical manifestations of 393 RP patients were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures Age of onset, clinical features of anterior and posterior segment of the eye and complications. Results RP generally affects bilaterally (98.0%) without gender preference (M:F=1:0.98). Blurred vision (78.4%) and night blindness (86.5%) were typical complaints. Most patients were myopia (52.2%) with best corrected visual acuity (Snellen) ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 (55.5%). Posterior subcapsular cataract (16.5%) was a common complication. Optic disc pale (40.9%), generally narrowing of retinal artery (57.1%) and vein (56.9%), and pigment disposition were main fundus findings. Osteoblast like pigment (63.6%) was the most common type and located diffusely (64.5%). Some patients also had choroid atrophy (32.9%) and macular epiretinal membrane (30.3%). Typical RP (58.9%) was the most common type with non-pigment RP (12.6%) secondly. Conclusion Clinical features of RP may vary greatly. Besides optic atrophy, narrowing of retinal vessels and pigmentation deposition, RP may have other manifestations and complications in both anterior and posterior segment of the eye.

Changes of serum concentration of five ions in patients with primary retinitis pigmentosa

SUN Xiao-wei, CUI Hui, YIN Xiao-bei, LI Gen-lin

2015, 24(3):  183-187.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.011

Asbtract ( 621 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study concentration changes of serum magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium and chloride ions in patients of primary retinitis pigmentosa (PRP). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 82 PRP patients and 99 normal control cases were enrolled from April 2013 to April 2014. Methods Patients with PRP were divided into four phases according to the severity of disease. The serum levels of magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium and chloride were measured, and compared with that of control groups. Main Outcome Measures Serum levels of magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium and chloride ions. Results Compared with normal group, the concentration of magnesium (0.845±0.067 mmol/L) was significantly lower than the normal group (0.874±0.076 mmol/L) (t=-2.688, P=0.008), but the levels of calcium (2.331±0.086 mmol/L vs 2.225±0.092 mmol/L) (t=5.672, P=0.000) and potassium (4.104±0.347mmol/L vs 3.897±0.310 mmol/L) (t=4.225, P=0.000) were significantly higher. Furthermore, it has been found that compared with normal group, in early phase of PRP, the magnesium (0.830±0.070 mmol/L)(P=0.001) was significantly lower, but the calcium (2.325±0.087 mmol/L) (P=0.000) and potassium (4.040±0.265 mmol/L)(P=0.017) were significantly higher. In late phase of PRP, the calcium (2.337±0.086 mmol/L) (P=0.000) and potassium (4.174±0.411 mmol/L) (P=0.000) were also significantly higher than that in normal group. Interestingly, the magnesium in late phase of PRP was significantly higher than that in early PRP (P=0.044). Conclusion In patients with PRP, the serum levels of magnesium, calcium and potassium are shown the changes, which probably related with occurrence of PRP.

Effect of Tianma Gouteng Decoction on retinal ganglion cells apoptosis in rat optic nerve crush model

LI Yu-jie, ZHANG Hai-juan, WANG Hai-yan, MA Ke

2015, 24(3):  188-192.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.012

Asbtract ( 675 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

 Objective To observe the effect of Tianma Gouteng Decoction on the retinal neuroepithelial thickness and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) apoptosis in the optic nerve crush model rats. Design Experimental study. Participants Forty-eight male Wistar rats. Methods Rats were divided randomly into six groups: normal control, model, Tianma Gouteng Decoction treatment groups (concentrations were 0.6 g/ml, 1.2 g/ml, 2.4 g/ml) and Ginkgo biloba tablets positive control group (concentrations was 1.2 mg/ml) , treated for 30 days. Nothing was done in the normal control group. The optic nerve of right eye in the other groups was crushed with 40 g microclip 2 mm behind the globe for 60 seconds, the left eye was uncrushed. Observing the retinal neuroepithelial thickness under HE stained paraffin sections and the RGCs apoptosis in retina was assayed by TUNEL staining. Main Outcome Measures The retinal neuroepithelial thickness, RGC apptosis counts. Results The retinal neuroepithelial thickness was significantly decreased in the model group （171.04±13.86 μm）than in the normal controls （208.98±8.46 μm）(P=0.000), while the retinal neuroepithelial thickness was significantly increased in the medium and high dose Tianma Gouteng Decoction groups （187.68±11.16 μm and 189.22±9.54 μm）than in the model group (P=0.043, 0.001); There was no significant difference between the medium dose group, high dose group and positive control group （191.35±9.03 μm）(P=0.052, 0.670); The positive TUNEL cells in model group （9.09±2.24 cells/HP）increased obviously, which was significantly different from the normal control group （0.59±0.61 cells/HP）(P=0.000). The apoptosis cells were significantly decreased in the medium dose group, high dose group and positive control group （7.00±1.88, 5.22±2.05, 5.03±2.03 cells/HP, respectively）than the negative control group (P=0.024, 0.000, 0.000). Conclusions Tianma Gouteng Decoction has certain effect on anti-apoptosis of RGC on rat optic nerve crush model, with the increasing efficacy followed the increasing concentration of the drugs.

Neuroprotection of siRNA interference to the retinal ganglion cells in optic nerve crush model rat

SONG Si-yue, MA Ke, ZHAO Xiu-li

2015, 24(3):  192-195.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.013

Asbtract ( 619 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

 Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in optic nerve crush model rats. Design Experimental study. Participants fifty-four SD rats. Methods fifty-four SD rats were divided into 3 groups, group A, B, and C, 18 rats per group. The right eyes of all rats were crushed by micro-clipping with 40 g power for 60 s, the left eyes were not crushed as the controls. A and B group was given siRNA 10 μg/per eye and siRNA 20 μg/per eye, the group C was given normal saline intravitreal injectionon immediately after optic nerve crush. The experiment lasted for 14 days. Six rats in each group were retrograde labeled by injection of 3% fluorogold (FG) into both side of superior colliculus at 10 days after the crush. At the 14 day, the rats were sacrificed and stretched preparation of retina, RGCs were photographed and counted with mask method. The survival percentage of RGCs = RGCs density in right eye / RGCs density in left eye. Further the western blot was used to exam the expression level of caspase-3 protein in retinal tissue. Main Outcome Measures The survival percentage of RGC, the expression level of caspase-3 protein. Results The average survival percentage of RGCs in A, B and C group was 53.63%±7.35%, 57.86%±6.00%, 45.00%±4.37% respectively (F=7.11, P=0.029). A significant difference was found between group A and C(P=0.025), between group B and C(P=0.002) as well. The difference between group A and B was not significant (P=0.24). The expression level of caspase-3 protein in the A, B, C groups in the retinal tissue was 0.20±0.02, 0.19±0.02, 0.24±0.03 (F=9.73, P =0.02). A significant difference was found between group A and C(P=0.005), between group B and C(P=0.001) as well. The difference between group A and B was not significant(P=0.418). Conclusion siRNA shows the neuroprotective effects on RGCs in optic nerve crush model rats.

Wegener’s granulomatosis of the orbit: 17 cases reports

ZHUO Wei, WANG Yi, XIAO Li-hua

2015, 24(3):  196-200.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.014

Asbtract ( 583 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective Clinical data of 17 patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis of the orbit were analyzed, in order to improve the management of this disease. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 17 patients who pathalogically diagnosed as the ophthalmic involvement due to WG from January 2000 to June 2014 at Armed Police General Hospital. Methods Medical records of all patients were reviewed. The ocular and systemic clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations and the prognosis were record and analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Ocular and systemic clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, and the prognosis. Results Of 17 patients, 7 were female. The ages of patients at disease onset varied from 17 to 65, average 38.4±13.2 years. WG may affect any part of the eye, including the eyeball, lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles, optic nerve and orbital soft tissues, etc. c-ANCA positive reaction was seen in 7 patients (7/8 cases). WG can be controlled with glucocorticoid and other immunosuppressive therapies or combined use of local radiotherapy (4/11 cases). 2 patients relapsed. 2 patients died of renal failure and 1 patient died of respiratory failure during the period of follow-up. Conclusion WG is a fatal disease involving any organ system, can affect any part of the eye. Positive c-ANCA and pathological examination were helpful to the diagnosis. Treatment with glucocorticoid and other immunosuppressive therapies or combined use of local radiotherapy could achieve good outcome.

Familial aggregation of diabetic retinopathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients

CHAI Xin, SUN Ting, HAO Lin-na, XIAO Yuan-yuan, LI Liao-qing, LI Yi-bin

2015, 24(3):  202-205.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.015

Asbtract ( 615 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study whether there was a familial aggregation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Design cross-sectional study. Participants All DM siblings of the family were as the research objects if there were at least two diabetic siblings in the lineal and consanguineous family. Methods The research objects were divided into several independent siblings according to the familial aggregation analysis method of genetic epidemiology. The siblings were divided into two groups according to its proband with retinopathy or not, and the prevalence of DR among siblings was calculated. odds ratio (OR) was also calculated. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence and OR value. Results A total of 103 families (229 cases) were enrolled in the study. Prevalence of DR among siblings of probands with DR was 58.3% , while the prevalence of DR among siblings of probands without DR was 26.7% (P=0.002, OR=3.411). The difference between siblings of probands with NPDR and PDR didn’t reach statistical significance (P=0.812). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that long duration of diabetes (P＝0.002, OR=1.143) and proband with DR (P=0.042, OR=2.811) were associated with an increased risk of DR in siblings, while male was associated with an decreased risk of DR in siblings (P=0.037, OR=0.389). Conclusion A familial aggregation of DR can be found in Chinese T2DM patients, however, a familial aggregation of PDR is worth further study.

Clinical characteristics of cytomegaloviral retinitis in 71 cases with AIDS

LI Dan, SUN Hui-yu, MAO Fei-fei, WANG Sheng-nan, LIU Yue-hong, XU Xue-jing, LIU Bin-bin, DONG Yu

2015, 24(3):  206-209.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.016

Asbtract ( 883 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

 Objective To investigate the characteristics of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) and to characterize the risk factors for visual acuity loss in the patients with AIDS. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 71 AIDS patients (99 eyes) with active cytomegalovirus retinitis. Methods All 71 patients were evaluated with ophthalmic examination, including the visual acuity, introcular pressure, slip-light, and fundus phtography, HIV test and CD4+ cells count were examed as well. The clinical characteristics were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity, CD4+T lymphocyte counts, ocular fundus changes. Results In 71 patients, 54 cases (76%) of CD4+T cells is ≤50 cells/μl, 7 cases (10%) of CD4+T cells > 50~100 cells/μl, 10 cases (14%) of CD4+T cells >100 cells/μl. In 49 eyes whose best corrected visual acuity were less than 0.3, the retinal necrosises in 34 cases (70%) involved the posterior pole. The visual acuity in 24% eyes was 0.05 or less at the end of following time. The posterior pole retinal necrosis involved macula (including optic atrophy ) in 9 eyes, 6 eyes (25%) complicated cataract, in which 4 eyes were panuveitis with cataract, 2 eyes were retinal detachment with cataract. Conclusion CD4+T lymphocyte count reduction is the risk factor for CMVR clinically. The posterior poleretinal necrosis is the main reason of vision loss. 

Application of the smartphone camera with slit-lamp microscope photography in ophthalmology clinical teaching

GAO Min, XIAO Yang

2015, 24(3):  210-211.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.019

Asbtract ( 620 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Real-time presenting and capturing the ocular images in slitlamp microscopy has always been one of the challenges in ophthalmology clinic teaching. The application of the smartphone camera with slit-lamp microscope provides an effective solution. This paper introduces the application of the smartphone camera with slit-lamp microscope photography in the teaching of ophthalmology and analyzes its advantages and differences from traditional teaching method. It points out that the smartphone camera with slit-lamp microscope photography has a good application prospect in ophthalmology clinical teaching. Which could stimulate the students’ learning interest, strengthen the record, presentation, and collection of the clinical imaging data, and make ophthalmology clinical teaching more operable and practical.

A preliminary study of developing the digitized and networked courseware of ophthalmologic imaging

JIAO Yong-hong1, MAN Feng-yuan2, WANG Zhen-chang3, XIAN Jun-fang2

2015, 24(3):  212-213.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.020

Asbtract ( 500 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

 As a branch of medical imaging, ophthalmologic imaging is a practical discipline in the field of clinical medicine, had developed rapidly over the past few years. The content of ophthalmologic imaging is abstract and complex, which made the teaching and learning of the subject more complicated. The digitization and network courseware of ophthalmologic imaging combined modern imaging technology with computer methods, which makes the course more open. This combination stimulates students' learning motivation, cultivates students' comprehensive quality and broad adaptability, and embodies the major reform of the teaching in colleges and universities. Digital and network courseware of ophthalmologic imaging was developed according to the cultivation goal and plan of medical undergraduates, and the knowledge structure of the medical imaging requirements. The courseware has been well adopted in the practice.

Treatment strategies for refractory glaucoma

ZHANG Xiu-lan, WANG Jia-wei

2015, 24(3):  214-216.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2015.03.021

Asbtract ( 735 )   PDF (1830KB) ( 7350 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Refractory glaucoma is a group disorders with various types of glaucoma associated with very poor prognosis. Even though it has different surgical procedures with advantages and disadvantages to manage, however, the long-term outcome was still frustrating. Trabeculectomy with anti-metabolic agents, glaucoma drainage device implantation, and cyclophotocoagulation are the common surgical procedures for refractory glaucoma. So far, glaucoma drainage device implantation is regarded as the first-line choice. Individualized treatment strategiesare recommended according to surgical indication, cause and type of glaucoma, visual function, and ocular regional conditions. To improve surgical outcomes, promptly and appreciated managements of complications are also warranted.