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Accuracy of Haigis and SRK/T formulas in calculating intraocular lens power for vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification in pathological myopia Huang Yao, Li Qian, Chen Yanyun, Xiang Fei, Tian Bei Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 190-194.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.005 Abstract （748）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare the calculation accuracy of Haigis and SRK/T formulas in patients with pathological myopia who underwent vitrectomy combined with cataract phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Twenty-six patients (40 eyes) with pathological myopia who underwent vitrectomy combined with cataract phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in Beijing Tongren Eye Center. Methods The medical records of patients were reviewed. All patients underwent IOL Master 500 examination before the surgeries. Three months postoperatively, the patients underwent optometry. Postoperative spherical equivalent was calculated. The prediction error (PE) and absolute prediction error (APE) of Haigis and SRK/T formulas were calculated. PE means actual postoperative spherical equivalent subtract postoperative diopter predicted by IOL formula. The absolute value of PE is APE. According to the axial length (AL), the study eyes were divided into three groups: AL< 28 mm, 28~30 mm and AL>30 mm. Differences between the indicators of the two formulas in the three groups were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures PE, APE. Results The mean PE values of the two IOL calculation formulas were both positive, suggesting that the calculation results drift towards hyperopia. The PE value of Haigis formula is (0.63±0.93) D and that of SRK/T formula was (0.61±1.17) D with no significant difference. The APE value of Haigis formula was (0.85±0.74) D, and that of SRK/T formula was (0.97±0.89) D with no significant difference. In 26 eyes with axial length ≤30 mm, there was no significant difference in PE or APE value between Haigis and SRK/T formula. In 14 eyes with axial length >30 mm, there was no significant difference on PE values between Haigis and SRK/T formula (t=-0.819, P=0.420). The APE value of Haigis formula was (0.84±0.49) D and that of SRK/T formula was (1.33±1.07) D with a significant difference (t=-2.619, P=0.015). Conclusion Haigis formula was more accurate than SRK/T formula when the axial length was >30 mm in patients with pathological myopia undergoing vitrectomy combined with cataract phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. When the axial length was ≤30 mm, there was no significant difference in the accuracy of Haigis and SRK/T formulas in calculating IOL power. Postoperative diopter shift to hyperopia. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 190-194) Related Articles | Metrics

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SD-OCT findings of retina outer layers in acute central serous chorioretinopathy Zhang Cong, Shi Xuehui, Yao Ning, Diao Lili, Wei Chuanchuan Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 200-204.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.007 Abstract （804）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the features of the retina outer layers on images of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 55 eyes of 55 patients who were diagnosed as unilateral and initial onset of acute CSC with one obvious leakage point (LP) on fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) images. Methods The morphology of RPE reflective layer at LP, macular fovea (MF) and neurosensory retinal detachment (NSRD) were investigated, and the morphology features of NSRD were also analyzed on SD-OCT with Spectralis HRA+OCT. Main Outcome Measures The subtypes of PED, the morphologic and structural changes of the retina outer layers on the SD-OCT. Results 41 eyes(74.5%) of LP displayed as PED, among which 15 eyes (27.3%) presented as dome-shaped PED (DSPED) and 26 eyes (47.2%) flat irregular PED (FIPED) . FIPED was prone to display as inkblot leakage (χ2=11.116，P=0.001) and locate outside of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (χ2=4.432，P=0.035) compored with DSPED. 6 eyes (10.9%) in MF and 9 eyes (16.4%) in NSRD presented as FIPED. 55 eyes (100%) manifested thickening hyper-reflectivity of outer plexiform layer (OPL) and 53 eyes (96.4%) demonstrated with fusiform or multiple irregular hypo-reflective regions within OPL, which seemed as splitting of OPL. The external limiting membrane (ELM) of 55 eyes (100%) was intact and distinct. The outer segments of photoreceptors layer (PRL-OS) of 44 eyes (80.0%) were thickening and with vague ellipsoid zone (EZ) and interdigitation zone (IZ). The boundary of PRL-OS in 44 eyes (80.0%) showed granular appearance and in 41 eyes (74.5%) accompanied with hyperreflective dots (HRD). Conclusion FIPED in acute CSC is not rare, and the thickening of PRL-OS, granular appearance of PRL-OS and indistinction of EZ and IZ are frequently-occurring signs. The appearance of splitting-shaped hypo-reflecitive regions within thickening OPL of NSRD is a common and important sign in acute CSC. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 200-204) Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of calf blood deproteinized extract eye drops on improvement of ocular surface in adolescents wearing orthokeratology lenses Wang Xiangjuan, Ying Wenchuang, Chen Shicheng, Song Jiali Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 231-234.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.012 Abstract （1261）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of deproteinized calf blood deproteinized extract eye drops on ocular surface conditions in adolescent myopic patients wearing orthokeratology lenses. Design Case-control study. Participants A total of 116 adolescent myopic patients (232 eyes) wearing orthokeratology lenses admitted to Shaoxing Central Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the control group (58 cases, 116 eyes) and the observation group (58 cases, 116 eyes). Methods The control group wore orthokeratology lenses in routine and the observation group used calf blood deproteinized extract eye drops during the day on the basis (1 drop/eye, 4 times/day). The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), diopter and axial length, corneal curvature, corneal surface regularity index (SRI), tear break-up time (BUT), tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT), conjunctivitis, ocular hypertension, photophobia discomfort and the incidence of corneal epithelial staining complications were compared between the two groups after 1 month of treatment. Main Outcome Measures UCVA, diopter and axial length, corneal curvature, SRI, BUT, LLT, and complications. Results Compared with before treatment, the UCVA and diopter of the two groups were apparently improved after treatment, the corneal curvature was apparently reduced, and the SRI level was apparently increased (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in UCVA, diopter, axial length, corneal curvature and SRI level between the two groups after the treatment (all P>0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of BUT and LLT in the two groups were apparently decreased after treatment (P<0.05), and the observation group [(7.34±2.10) s, (60.52±10.84) nm] was apparently higher than those in the control group [(6.26±2.03) s, (55.20±11.73) nm] (all P<0.001); after treatment, there was no significant difference in the incidences of conjunctivitis, high intraocular pressure and photophobia between the two groups (all P>0.05). The incidence of corneal epithelial staining (8.62%) was apparently lower than that of the control group (24.14%) (P=0.024). Conclusion The ocular surface condition can be improved after auxiliary instillation of calf blood deproteinized extract eye drops in adolescent myopic patients who wear orthokeratology lenses without affecting the correction effect of orthokeratology lenses. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 231-234) Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy and effective factors of vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy Zhou Haiying, Ji Haixia, Yang Xuan, Ma Kai Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 181-187.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.004 Abstract （618）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To describe the outcomes and related effective factors of pas plana vitrectomy (PPV) for vitreous hemorrhage (VH) secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 294 eyes of 294 cases with VH secondary to PCV that underwent PPV from 2012 to 2020 in Beijing Tongren Hospital. Methods Medical records of all 294 patients were reviewed, including demographics and clinical characteristics of patients，different intraocular tamponades and visual acuity prognosis. The related factors of visual acuity prognosis including demographics and clinical characteristics of patients, systemic dieaseses, application of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and surgery related data were also analyzed. Logisic analysis was used for studying related factors of visual acuity prognosis. The median of follow-up period was 120 days (range 90~750 days). Main Outcome Measures LogMAR best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）, application of anti-VEGF or not, duration of surgery, incidence of intraoperative retinal hole, proportion of retinotomy, different intraocular tamponades. Results The mean logMAR BCVA before PPV (2.22±0.47, 0.3~2.9) had improved significantly at the last visit after the operations (1.66±0.64, 0.1~1.85) (P<0.0001). Diabetes might be associated with poor postoperative BCVA (P=0.0375). In the patients without anti-VEGF treatment before PPV, the incidence of intraoperative retinal hole and the proportion of inert gas or silicon oil tamponade were higher (P=0.015). Compare with patients with BSS or air tamponade, patients with inert gas or silicon oil tamponade had lower proportion of anti-VEGF treatment (27.50% VS 48.03%, P=0.0150) , lower rate of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) preoperatively (27.50% VS 53.94%, P=0.043), but had higher incidence of intraoperative retinal hole (50.00% VS 1.97%) , higher proportion of retinotomy (30.00% VS 0.00%) during surgery (all P<0.001), longer surgery duration (102.33±58.78 VS 50.7±22.16, P<0.0001), and poorer postoperative logMAR BCVA （1.86±0.62 VS 1.63±0.64，P=0.0352）. Conclusion PPV is effective for VH patients secondary to PCV, which can improve/stabilize visual function. Preoperative anti-VEGF treatment may play a significant role in reducing intraoperative complications, reducing the proportion of silicon oil tamponade, and improving the visual prognosis. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 181-187) Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation with knotless Z-suture technique for inadequate capsule/zonular support Qi Meng, He Lei Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 207-212.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.008 Abstract （733）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe the efficacy of the scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation with knotless Z-suture technique for moderate severe inadequate capsule/zonular support. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Eighty-eight eyes of 78 Moderate to severe inadequate capsule/zonular support patients, who were cases with over 180°zonular weakness or residual capsule inadequate to support intraocular lens ciliary groove implantation, were included from July 2017 to January 2021 in Ocular Trauma Department of Beijing Tongren Hospital. Methods All patients underwent surgeries including the standard procedure of scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation with knotless Z-suture technique. The median follow-up duration was 19 months (range 12~50, quartile 15~25.5 months). Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, complications, intraocular lens position were observed. Main Outcome Measures Uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), complications, and intraocular lens position. Results The uncorrected visual acuity was hand motions～0.4 at baseline. It improved to 0.04～1.0 at 6th month follow-up including 80 eyes (90.9%)≥0.3. The BCVA improved significantly from 0.79±0.36 at baseline to 0.20±0.15 at last follow-up (t=-9.783, P<0.001). No suture-related complications such as wound leakage at the sutures, sclera thinning, sclera melting, chronic inflammation around the suture, suture erosion, suture exposure, and endophthalmitis was observed in any cases. The Z-sutures were invisible in all cases under the slit lamp microscopy. Complications requiring invasive treatment were retinal detachment in 1 eye (1.1%) and intraocular lens pupillary capture in 1 eye (1.1%). Both cases were children with Marfan syndrome. All the other intraocular lens were in the expected position without obvious pseudophakodonesis, dislocation, decentration or tilt. No cystoid macular edema, corneal endothelial decompensation, secondary glaucoma, suprachoroidal hemorrhage or endophthalmitis was observed. Conclusion Knotless Z-suture technique can effectively reduce the occurrence of suture-related complications which is applicable for various cases of moderate to severe inadequate capsule/zonular support. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 207-212) Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomechanical changes of isolated porcine anterior capsular membrane after chemical processing with sodium hypochlorite Pei Yajing, Han Shaofeng, Lu Mingfeng, Yang Yang, Ma Ke Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 219-224.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.010 Abstract （448）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the changes of biomechanical parameters of isolated porcine anterior capsular membrane after chemical treatment with sodium hypochlorite. Design Experimental study. Participants 48 porcine eyeballs and 8 cadaveric eye lenes. Methods Porcine eyeballs were randomly divided into four groups (12 eyes each group): group A (untreated group), group B, C and D (treated with 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite respectively in the anterior capsule). Eight cadaveric eyes lens were marked as group E. In B, C and D group, the anterior capsular surface was placed horizontally upward. No special treatment was performed in group A. In groups B, C and D, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite were dripped on the surface of anterior capsule for 5 minutes. Cataract expert used micro-force-sensing capsulorhexis forceps to perform continuous circular capsulorhexis on five groups of lenses, evaluated the feel of capsulorhexis by the questionnaire and recorded the biomechanical data of capsulorhexis in real time by the interrogator. Main Outcome Measures Score of the evaluation questionnaire on the hand feeling of capsulorhexis; biomechanical indexes include maximum capsulorhexis force and average capsulorhexis force. Results According to the doctor's score on the feel of piercing and tearing the lens of porcine, the average score of group A was 4±0, and the average score of groups B, C and D was 3±0 respectively. The maximum tear force in group A to E was 34.53±6.02 mN, 29.49±7.00 mN, 28.94±4.71 mN, 26.14±2.39 mN, 24.06±8.18 mN, respectively (H=15.07, P=0.005). The average tear force was 15.58±3.04 mN, 13.48±4.05 mN, 12.67±2.59 mN, 11.40±1.65 mN, 10.98±4.33 mN, respectively (H=13.79, P=0.008). There were significant differences between group A and D, in the maximum (Z=19.33, P=0.037) and average tear force (Z=20.33, P=0.023); there were significant differences between group A and E in the maximum (Z=26.58, P=0.004) and average tear force (Z=24.04, P=0.012), but there were no significant differences between the other groups. Conclusion The capsulorhexis force of fresh porcine anterior capsule treated with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite is most close to that of human anterior capsule, and the treated porcine anterior capsule can be used for the capsulorhexis training of surgery beginners and robots. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 219-224) Related Articles | Metrics

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Correction efficacy of Toric implantable collamer lens implantation for high ocular residual astigmatism Xiong Ying, Yao Qinnan, Wan Xiuhua Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 213-218.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.009 Abstract （970）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare the correction efficacy of Toric implantable collamer lens (TICL) implantation for high ocular residual astigmatism (HORA) with that for low ocular residual astigmatism (LORA). Design Retrospective case series. Participants A total of 200 eyes of 100 patients underwent TICL implantation from July to December 2020 at Beijing Tongren Eye Center. Methods Total astigmatism was obtained by subjective refraction using corneal topography (iTrace visual function analyzer) before surgery. The difference between total astigmatism and corneal astigmatism was calculated by the vector analysis method to obtain intraocular astigmatism (ocular residual astigmatism, ORA). According to the magnitude of ORA, the surgical eyes were divided into HORA group (ORA≥1.30 D, 94 eyes) and LORA group (ORA<1.30 D, 106 eyes). Then, the standard vector analysis method recommended by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) was used to calculate the intended refractive correction (IRC) and surgically induced refractive correction (SIRC) in both groups. The ratio of SIRC to IRC is the correction ratio (CR). CR equal to 1 represents the most ideal correction, CR>1 indicates overcorrection of astigmatism, and CR<1 indicates undercorrection of astigmatism. The difference between SIRC and IRC is the error vector (EV), and the ratio between EV and IRC is the error rate (ER). When ER is 0, it represents the most ideal correction, and when ER is 1, it represents no correction at all. The differences of the above parameters between the two groups were compared. Main Outcome Measures IRC, SIRC, CR, EV, ER. Results In the HORA group, the IRC, SIRC, CR, EV, ER was 1.52 (0.88~2.60)D, 1.47 (0.83~2.53)D, 0.91 (0.75~1.16), 0.67 (0.39~1.04)D and 0.43 (0.24~0.90) respectively at 1 week after operation; was 1.52 (0.88~2.60)D, 1.37 (0.68~2.43)D, 0.92 (0.69~1.15) , 0.7 (0.43~1.14)D and 0.49 (0.28~1.02) respectively at 6 months after surgery. In the LORA group, the IRC, SIRC, CR, EV, ER was 1.18 (0.53~1.70)D, 1.1 (0.59~1.91)D, 1.03 (0.66~1.49), 0.57 (0.29~1.00)D and 0.62 (0.31~1.02) respectively at 1 week after operation; was 1.12(0.53~1.68)D, 0.93(0.50~1.67)D, 0.91(0.61~1.24), 0.54(0.28~1.07)D and 0.61(0.32~1.13) respectively at 6 months after surgery. Comparing the HORA group with the LORA group, there were significant differences in IRC and SIKC (P<0.01, 0.01), but no significant difference in CR, EV and ER at 1 week after operation. There were significant differences in IRC, SIRC and EV at 6 months after operation(P<0.01, <0.01, 0.03), but no significant difference in CR and ER. Conclusion Toric Implantable collamer lens (TICL) have the same good correction effect for astigmatism in the HORA group as in the LORA group. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 213-218) Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevention efficacy of desktop virtual reality display on digital eye strain Zhen Yi, Gao Jie, Zhang Wei, Cheng Dewen, Shen Wenrui, Wang Ningli Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 225-230.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.011 Abstract （495）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the preventive effect of desktop virtual monitors on digital eye fatigue caused by watching videos at close range. Design Crossover design experiment study. Participants 31 adult healthy subjects. Methods The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The first group watched the same video for 10 minutes using a mobile phone and then a desktop virtual monitor, with a 30-minute break; the second group watched the same videos in reverse order. An open refractometer was used to record the diopter before, during and after watching the video, and the accommodative micro-fluctuation and accommodative error were calcuated. The data of the right eyes were used to analyse. The subjective visual fatigue score before and after watching the video was recorded using the Likert scale. Main Outcome Measures Diopter, accommodative micro-fluctuation, accommodative error and visual fatigue scale scores before and after watching videos. Results The diopter of the eyes using the mobile phone and using the desktop virtual monitor before watching the video was (-0.30±0.54) D and (-0.29±0.58) D, respectively (P=0.928). When watching the video for 5 minutes, the diopter of the eyes using mobile phone was (-3.32±0.68) D, which was significantly lower than that before watching the video (P=0.000); the diopter of the eyes using the desktop virtual monitor was(-0.39±0.63) D , which was not significantly different from that before watching the video(P=0.168); the accommodative micro-fluctuation of the mobile phone viewer and the desktop virtual monitor viewer was (0.33±0.10) D and (0.21±0.10) D, respectively (P=0.000); the accommodative error of the mobile phone viewer was lagging (0.25±0.68) D, and of the viewer using the desktop virtual monitor was leading (0.09±0.63) D (P=0.044). After watching the video, the diopter of the eyes using the mobile phone was (-0.53±0.56) D, which was significantly lower than that before viewing (P=0.000); the diopter of the eyes using the desktop virtual monitor was (0.34±0.61) D, which was no significant different compared with that before viewing (P=0.335). After watching the video, the visual fatigue scale score of the mobile phone viewers and the desktop virtual display viewers was increased (8.4±8.3) and (2.5±3.8), respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion Applying a desktop virtual display can prevent digital eye strain caused by watching videos at close range, which may be related to the lack of myopia adjustment during viewing. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 225-230) Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of retinal vascular caliber in early stages of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes Shen Zhijun, She Chongyang, Li Yunyun, Liu Ningpu Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 195-199.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.006 Abstract （529）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To assess the changes and associations of retinal vascular caliber in early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetic patients. Design Case-control study. Participants 85 patients with type 2 diabetes (51~80 years old) and 26 age-sex-matched subjects without diabetes (51~78 years old) from Beijing Desheng Community Diabetic Eye Disease Study were used as controls. Methods 85 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into two groups according to DR: no DR (NDR) group (51 cases), and mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (34 cases), compared with 26 non-diabetic control subjects. Central retinal arterial equivalence (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalence (CRVE) were measured using computer software. Central macular retinal thickness was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), diabetes duration, height, weight, glycosylated hemoglobin and other data were recorded. The differences of CRAE and CRVE among the three groups were compared, and possible related factors were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures CRAE, CRVE. Results The CRAE of the right eye of the non-diabetic control group, the right eye of the NDR group and the severely diseased eye of the NPDR group were (151.91±13.65) μm, (156.73±11.53) μm, (154.08±9.82) μm (F=1.58, P=0.21); CRVE was (226.60±11.84) μm, (231.70±15.65) μm, (244.59±13.82) μm (F=13.43, P<0.01); CRVE in NPDR group was significantly wider than that in non-diabetic control group and NDR group (P<0.01 for both), while there was no statistical difference of CRVE between the control and NDR groups (P=0.42). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that CRVE was negatively correlated with age in the three groups (P<0.01, all). Conclusion CRVE in the three groups of patients in this study was negatively correlated with age; CRVE in NPDR group was significantly wider compared with the control and NDR group. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 195-199) Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study of an extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens Symfony ZXR00 Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 355-359.   Abstract （1270）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate visual quality of patients implanted with the extended depth-of-focus IOL Symfony ZXR00 after cataract surgery. Design Prospective nonrandomized controlled comparative study. Participants The study included 42 patients (42 eyes) who had cataract phacoemulsification surgery in the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA Gereral Hospital from June 2021 to January 2022, wherein Symfony ZXR00 IOLs were implanted in 18 cases (18 eyes), and single focus IOLs A1-UV in 24 cases (24 eyes). Methods Visual acuity (VA), defocus curves and contrast sensitivity (CS) were compared 3 months postoperatively between the two groups. Optical interference, spectacle independence and visual satisfaction were also investigated and analyzed. Main Outcome Measures VA (LogMar), CS, defocus curves, optical interference, spectacle independence and visual satisfaction. Results After 3 months, uncorrected distant VA (UDVA)(-0.04±0.08)、uncorrected intermediate VA (UIVA)(-0.03±0.08)、uncorrected near VA (UNVA)(0.28±0.16)、corrected near VA (CNVA)(-0.03±0.05)、distance-corrected intermediate VA (DCIVA)(-0.04±0.07) and distance-corrected near VA (DCNVA)(0.27±0.13)were better in the Symfony ZXR00 group than in the A1-UV group (0.03±0.10, 0.32±0.09, 0.39±0.17, -0.01±0.02, 0.30±0.11, 0.48±0.19), all  P＜0.05. CDVA was similar in the two groups. The Symfony ZXR00 still provided visual acuity greater than 0.3 for a defocus level of -2.50 D. Contrast sensitivity was similar in the two groups at any spatial frequency. The patients in the Symfony group had no serious optical interference, and the spectacle independence rate was 77.8%, which was significantly higher than 0% in the A1-UV group (χ2=28.000, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the satisfaction rate for distance vision between the two groups. The patient satisfaction rates for intermediate vision in the Symfony group was 100%, which was significantly higher than 20.8% in the A1-UV group (χ2=26.022, P=0.000).For near vision, the satisfaction rates were 77.8% and 0% in the two groups, respectively (χ2=28.000, P=0.000). Conclusion Symfony ZXR00 can provide excellent distance, intermediate and functional near visual acuity, with no significant decline in contrast sensitivity and close to monofocal IOL.   (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 355-359) Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the 48 weeks curative effect of two treatment regimens of Conbercept for neovascular age-related macular degeneration Han Cong, Yang Yi, Yang Rui, Guan Tingting, Zhang Wenfang Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 272-276.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.04.005 Abstract （576）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare the 48 weeks efficacy of two different treatment regimens of Conbercept in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants 30 nAMD patients in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. Methods  nAMD patients met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups by simple random sampling. There were 16 cases in the 3+T&E group (Treat and Extend) and 14 cases in the 3+PRN group (pro re nata, as needed). The eyes were injected with 0.05 ml of Conbercept into the vitreous, and the patients were followed up according to the treatment plan for 48 weeks. Main Outcome Measures The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT) changes, choroidal neovascularization (CNV) changes and the times of vitreous injection. Results 4 patients were lost to follow-up. Among the 26 patients who completed the follow-up, 15 patients (15 eyes) were in the 3+T&E group and 11 patients (11 eyes) were in the 3+PRN group. Compared with baseline, at 4, 16, 20, 32, and 48 weeks after treatment, the average BCVA in the 3+T&E group was increased, but the difference was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Compared with baseline, at 4, 16 and 20 weeks after treatment in the 3+PRN group, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.378, 0.097, 0.090), and at the 32nd and 48th week, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.034, 0.025, respectively). The mean CRT after treatment in the two groups was significantly different from the baseline (all P<0.01). At 4, 16, 20, 32, and 48 weeks after treatment, the average BCVA of the affected eyes in the two groups increased and CRT decreased, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the baseline, 48 weeks after treatment, the CNV area in the 3+T&E group was 0.06±0.12 mm2, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the baseline value of 4.45±6.61 mm2 (P=0.017). At 48 weeks, the CNV area in the 3+PRN group was 0.44±0.71 mm2, which was significantly different from the baseline value of 3.94±3.93 mm2 (P=0.003). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups at 48 weeks after treatment (P=0.046). After 48 weeks of treatment, the average times of vitreous injection in the 3+T&E group and in the 3+PRN group were 6.33±1.35 times and 6.09±2.70 times (P=0.788). There was no significant difference in the mean intraocular pressure between the two groups before treatment and at any time point after treatment (all P>0.05). During the follow-up period, except for 1 eye with subconjunctival hemorrhage, the other patients had no ocular complications and systemic adverse reactions. Conclusion Conbercept can achieve good anatomical, visual effects and good safety in the treatment of nAMD with both the 3+T&E and the 3+PRN treatment regimens for 48 weeks. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 272-276) Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical features of paradoxical responses to initial anti-tuberculosis therapy in tuberculous uveitis Xiao Yuanyuan, Mao Yu, Cao Xusheng, Peng Xiaoyan Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 277-281.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.04.006 Abstract （498）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective  To summarize the clinical features of paradoxical reactions in tuberculous uveitis. Design Retrospective case series. Participants  8 tuberculous uveitis patients (10 eyes) with paradoxical reactions after initial anti-tuberculosis treatment in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2012 to 2020. Methods All the patients’  medical records were reviewed. Mean follow-up time was (10.0±5.6) months. Main Outcome Measures  Anterior segment and  fundus manifestation, treatment situation. Results The average age of 8 patients with paradoxical reactions was (45.0±10.8）years. One patient (12.5%) had active pulmonary tuberculosis, 6 patients (75.0%) had suspected previous pulmonary tuberculosis infection,  and one patient (12.5%) had no clear history of tuberculosis. Paradoxical reactions occurred 0.5 to 1.5 months (average 0.9±0.3 months) after the initial anti-tuberculosis treatment. Among the 10 eyes with tuberculous uveitis, 2 eyes (20.0%) had choroidal tuberculoma, and the paradoxical reaction was manifested as tumor enlargement and superficial retinal detachment; 3 eyes (30.0%) had pan uveitis, manifested as aggravated inflammatory reaction of anterior chamber and vitreous body, and increased macular edema; 2 eyes (20.0%) had intermediate uveitis, manifested as aggravated vitreous opacity; 3 eyes (30.0%) had serpiginous choroiditis, which showed increased yellow-white lesions and increased areas of high autofluorescence in the fundus. All patients received regular antituberculosis drugs and systemic or local glucocorticoids after the occurrence of paradoxical reactions, and the inflammatory reactions were effectively controlled. Conclusion The paradoxical reactions in patients with tuberculous uveitis mostly occurred within 1 month after initial anti-tuberculosis treatment for tuberculosis latent infection or previous infection. The combined application of standardized anti-tuberculosis drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs could significantly reduce the paradoxical reactions. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 277-281) Related Articles | Metrics

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Understanding of glaucoma continuous health management: ophthalmic medical staff questionnaire survey He Meng, Liao Jinying, Zeng Jihong, Zhang Xin, Shi Yinwen, Zhang Yi, Zhang Yangyang, Zhang Yao, Tang Li Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 281-286.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.ISSN.1004-4469.2022.04.007 Abstract （395）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To survey the current opinions of the ophthalmic medical staffs on glaucoma continuous health management. Design Cross-sectional survey. Participants A total of 1329 questionnaires (WeChat customers) were collected from 31 provinces. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on current opinions and the actual status of clinical practice regarding glaucoma continuous health management. Main Outcome Measures Ophthalmologists’ opinions and satisfaction degree with glaucoma continuous health management. Results Among the 1329 questionnaires, 98.42% believed that it is very important to carry out continuous health management for glaucoma patients, but only 17% were satisfied with the status of glaucoma management, and 26.94% of the participants had developed glaucoma management. 66.37% had the plan to carry out continuous health management of glaucoma but faced various difficulties. 57.56% participants supported that primary open-angle glaucoma should be included in continuous health management as the most priority. 52.82% considered that the chronic non-communicable disease surveillance information system model was the best mode. Hospitals with more than 3000 glaucoma outpatients per year had a higher proportion (62.07%) for glaucoma management (P<0.05). The proportion of tertiary hospitals (31.1%) that had carried out glaucoma management was significantly higher than that of secondary hospitals (14.8 %) (P<0.05). Conclusions Most ophthalmologists have realized that continuous health management is important for glaucoma patients and wanted to carry it out actively. However, the current status of implementation is not promising and needs to be standardized and fully promoted. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 281-286) Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary application of lacrimal irrigation needle combined with meibomian gland clip in excision of localized pigmented nevus of eyelid margin involved inner canthus Wang Yue, Song Bin, Hou Zhijia, Zhang Zheng Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 312-314.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.04.013 Abstract （580）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the application effect of lacrimal irrigation needle combined with meibomian gland clip in the excision of localized pigmented nevus on the eyelid margin of inner canthus. Design Retrospective non-comparative case series. Participants 16 patients (16 eyes) with localized pigmented nevus of eyelid margin in inner canthus were collected in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2017 to 2021. Methods All cases were resected under microscope, and the pigmented nevus of eyelid margin was fixed with meibomian gland clip. The position of lacrimal passage and its adjacent relationship with pigmented nevus on eyelid margin with the aid of lacrimal passage irrigation needle inserted into lacrimal passage were observed. Conjunctival surface defect was treated with not repaired method, and eyelid anterior layer defect was repaired with skin transposition flap. Main Outcome Measures Situation of postoperative lacrimal passage, eyelid position and appearance. Results The average postoperative follow-up period was 8±1.5 months. 16 patients had clear visual field and less bleeding during surgery. At last follow-up, all 16 patients had no epiphora and the lower eyelid lacrimal passage was smooth. There was no obvious scar, angular deformity, eyelid entropion, ectropion, punctum atresia, and no recurrence of pigmented nevus at eyelid margin. Conclusions Using lacrimal irrigation needle and meibomian gland clip during surgery of localized pigmented nevus of the inner canthus can got effect of clear visual field and good hemostasis. It can also protect the lacrimal passage from injury. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 312-314) Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 204-206.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.015 Abstract （390）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics differences of the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch’s membrane-choroidal capillary complex in different subtype of central serous chorioretinopathy Zhou Rong, Sun Zuhua, Lin Bing, Jin Zibing, Liu Xiaoling Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 266-271.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.04.004 Abstract （522）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To evaluate the imaging characteristics of retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch’s membrane complex in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using high-definition B-scan optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) Dense ART (DART) scan modality.  Design Retrospective case series. Participants 43 patients that presented with acute (12 cases), chronic (16 cases) or neovascular (15 cases) CSC were reviewed. Methods Patients’ medical records were reviewed. All of the patient underwent multimodal fundus imaging including B-scan optical coherence tomography(OCT), fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and OCTA. The Dense DART scan modality, an updated software feature of Heidelberg SPECTRALIS OCT2, was used to assess the cross-sectional retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch’s membrane complex and acquire high-definition B-scan OCTA images. Main Outcome Measures Dark zone under Bruch’s membrane, flat irregular retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PED), crossing-sign. Results Hyporeflective signals, also referred as dark zone under Bruch’s membrane, was observed in 10 of 12 (83.3%) acute CSC, and 10 of 31 (32.3%) chronic CSC (P=0.0052).  Of 15 cases with neovascular CSC, 15 cases (15/15, 100%) were accompanied by flat irregular PED (fiPEDs), while only 7 of the 16 cases (7/16, 43.8%) with non-neovascular CSC were accompanied by fiPEDs (P=0.0008). 14 cases with neovascular CSC (14/15, 93.3%) exhibited the crossing-sign, but none of 16 cases with non-neovascular CSC had the crossing-sign (P<0.0001). Conclusion OCTA-DART enables accurate overlay between high-resolution structural B-scan and blood flow signal, which can be applied to the observation of alterations in choroidal capillary blood flow beneath the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch’s membrane-choroidal capillary complex in eyes with CSC. The blood flow of choroidal capillaries was decreased in acute CSC, but not in chronic choroidal capillaries. The presence of flat irregular PED with concomitant crossing signs contributes to the early diagnosis of CNV in patients with chronic CSC. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 266-271) Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 187-189.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.014 Abstract （467）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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The clinical effect of scleral buckling on localized rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with poor results after retinal laser photocoagulation Tian Chaowei, Ma Wenxia, Wu Jing, Wang Yusheng Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 364-368.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.009 Abstract （742）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe the clinical effect of scleral buckling on localized rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with poor results after retinal laser photocoagulation. Design Retrospective case series. Participants A total of 19 eyes of 19 patients with localized RRD with poor results after retinal laser photocoagulation who were treated with scleral buckling during January 2017 to January 2021 in the Ophthalmology Department of Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical. Methods All patients were treated with scleral buckling and postoperative supplemental retinal laser photocoagulation. Follow-up from 6 months to 2 years to observe the therapeutic effect. Main Outcome Measures Retinal reattachment, visual acuity and other related complications after operation. Results The retina was reattached in 17 eyes (89.5%) after scleral buckling, the cristae was clear in 2 eyes (10.5%), but there was subretinal fluid under the cristae, and the subretinal fluid was completely absorbed within 2 weeks. Two months later, retinal detachment recurred due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) in two eyes who need pars plana vitrectomy for retinal redetachment, both of them were patients who underwent scleral buckling within 1 week after the first laser and were supplemented with laser photocoagulation twice after operation. At the last follow-up, retinal reattachment was achieved in 19 eyes (100%), of which, 17 eyes (89.5%) were stable after scleral buckling. Visual acuity was obviously unchanged in 17 eyes (89.5%), and decreased in 2 eyes (10.5%). Conclusion The long-term efficacy of scleral bucking in the treatment of patients with poor outcomes after retinal laser photocoagulation for localized RRD is definited. The laser treatment for localized rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was not only ineffective, but also has many negative effects. The density of the laser spot, multiple laser photocoagulations, and a short period between laser photocoagulation and scleral buckling are potential factors in the recurrence of retinal detachment. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 364-368) Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 234-236.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.013 Abstract （336）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between retinal arteriosclerosis grading and predicted 10-year risks of cardiovascular disease (China-PAR Equations) in a community-based population in Beijing She Haicheng, Yan Shenshen, Sun Pengfei, Fan Fangfang, , Jiang Yimeng, Jia Jia, , Liu Bo, Zhou Jinqiang, Zhang Yan, Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 260-265.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.04.003 Abstract （541）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the relationship between retinal arteriosclerosis grading and China-PAR model in predicting10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a Beijing community. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants The subjects were from the atherosclerosis research cohort in Shijingshan community, Beijing. This study was a cross-sectional study followed up from December 2019 to January 2020. A total of 673 participants who had no history of cardiovascular disease, with complete questionnaire data and fundus photograph were finally included. Methods The degree of retinal arteriosclerosis was graded according to the Scheie’s classification. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between retinal arteriosclerosis grading and 10-year CVD risk, and further adjustment including hypoglycemic drugs, lipid-lowering drugs and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was made. Main Outcome Measures 10-year CVD risk calculated by China-PAR model. Results The subjects were 61.9±7.4 years old and 422(62.7%) were women . Of all the subjects, 53.0% (n=357) had hypertension, 78.0% (n=525) had dyslipidemia, 30.5% (n=205) had diabetes and 23.5% (n=158) had a family history of CVD. The percentage of subjects with grad 0-1, grad 2 and grade 3-4 arteriosclerosis were 57.1% (n=384), 37.3% (n=251) and 5.6% (n=38), respectively. Of the10-year CVD risk calculated by China-PAR model, 209 (31.1%) subjects were at low risk, 206 subjects (31.1%) were at medium risk and 258 (38.3%) subjects were at high risk. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the retinal arteriosclerosis grading was positively correlated with the10-year risk of CVD. Compared with grade 0-1 retinal arteriosclerosis, the risk ratio of medium risk CVD increased by 52% (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.00~2.31, P=0.048) in grade 2 retinal arteriosclerosis; and the risk ratio of high risk CVD increased by 92% (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.24~2.96, P=0.003) in grade 2 retinal arteriosclerosis. Compared with grade 0-1 retinal arteriosclerosis, the risk ratio of medium risk CVD increased by 6.47 times (OR=7.47, 95%CI: 1.62~34.52, P=0.010) in grade 3-4 retinal arteriosclerosis; and the risk ratio of high risk CVD increased by 7.62 times (OR=8.62, 95%CI: 1.87~39.69, P=0.006) in grade 3-4 retinal arteriosclerosis. Conclusion The grade of retinal arteriosclerosis is significantly correlated with the 10-year CVD risk predicted by China-PAR model. The heavier the degree of retinal arteriosclerosis , the higher risk of predicted 10-year CVD risk. （Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 260-265） Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 237-239.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.016 Abstract （645）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (3): 240-241.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.03.017 Abstract （368）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Short term effect observation of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops in mild and moderate dry eye according to signs grouping  Wang Wenying, Tian Lei, Pan Zhiqiang Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 305-311.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.04.012 Abstract （1050）            Knowledge map    Save Objective  To observe the short term effect basing  on the  signs of mild to moderate dry eye with 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops treatment. Design Multi-center, single-arm prospective phase Ⅳ clinical trial. Participants  2660 dry eye patients from 30 Eye Centres. Methods Patients with dry eye symptoms, positive corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), tear film breakup time (BUT）≤5 s or Schirmmer I test (SIt) ≤10 mm/5min were treated only with 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times a day. One of the eyes was selected for analyzed. CFS, BUT, slit lamp microscopy, SIt and other examinations at 3 visits of baseline, 2 weeks and 1 month of treatment were recorded. CFS improvement compare to baseline according to SIt and BUT grouping ; BUT improvement compare to baseline according to SIt and CFS grouping; SIt improvement compare to baseline according to BUT and CFS grouping were recorded. Main Outcome Measures CFS, BUT, SIt during at baseline,  2 weeks and 1 month of treatment were recorded. Results At 2 weeks and 1 month of treatment with 3% diquafosol tetrasodium eye drops, the differences of  changes of  BUT, CFS and SIt from the baseline in different age groups were all statistically significant respectively (all P<0.05). Subgroup divided according to degree of baseline SIt and BUT,  CFS improvement has no statistical significant difference among  groups at 1 month (all P>0.05). When subgroup divided according to degree of baseline SIt and CFS, while SIt≤5 mm/5min or SIt >10 mm/5min, BUT improvement is higher in  group of CFS 6-10 than group of CFS 1-5 (P<0.05) at 1 month; while SIt >5 plus ≤10 mm/5min, BUT improvement  is higher in CFS 1-5 group than CFS 6-10 group (P<0.05). While CSF 1-5, BUT improvement is higher in SIt≤5 mm/5min group than  SIt >5 plus ≤10 mm/5min  and SIt >10 mm/5min groups (P<0.05). When subgroup divided according to degree of baseline BUT and CFS at 1 month, while CFS 1-5, SIt improvement is higher in BUT>5 s group than  BUT≤5 s group (P<0.05). While BUT ≤5 s, SIt improvement is higher in CSF 1-5 group than CSF 6-10 group (P<0.05). Conclusion 3% diquafosol tetrasodium eye drops is effective in the treatment in different age groups. BUT improvement is affected by baseline SIt and CFS after 3% diquafosol tetrasodium eye drops treatment. Poor baseline SIt  won’t limit the improvement  of  CFS or BUT for mild and moderate dry eyes. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 305-311) Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the normal intraocular pressure in infants under 1 year old by ICare hand-held rebound tonometer and the effect of retinal examination with RetCam on it Zheng Jiao, Mu Ge, Zhao Huanhuan, Gao Caifeng, Zhang Zhenyu, Xu Haoli Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 345-348.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.005 Abstract （580）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To observ the normal intraocular pressure (IOP) of infants under 1 year old and to analyze the effect of retinal examination with wide field digital fundus imaging system (RetCam3) on their IOP. Design Prospective case series. Participants 285 cases (570 eyes) of ≤1 year old infants born at 24~40 weeks of pregnancy, wherein 176 were males, and 102 adult cases (204 eyes) with normal IOP, in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital between 2019 to 2020. Methods IOPs before and after RetCam3 retinal examinations in infacts as well as adults were measured by the ICare hand-held rebound tonometer. The differences of IOP between before and after RetCam3 retinal examinations and between infacts and adults were compared. Main Outcome Measures IOPs. Results The mean IOP of both eyes of infants was (13.04±3.04) mmHg, there was no significant difference between left and right IOP (t=-1.68，P=0.10). The both eyes mean IOP of adults was (16.82±2.36) mmHg. The IOP of infants was lower than that of adults (t=-18.14，P＜0.01). There was no statistical difference of IOP between different genders for infants (t=0.20，P=0.85). The IOP after RetCam3 examination was (13.93±3.20) mmHg, which was higher than that before examination (12.88±3.12 mmHg) (t=5.09，P＜0.01). The difference of IOP before and after fundus examination was more higher in <32 weeks group (1.64±3.76 mmHg) than ≥32 weeks group (0.75±3.22 mmHg) (t=2.12，P=0.04).  Conclusion The mean IOP of infants ≤1 year old is lower than adults. RetCam3 retinal examinationcan cause mild IOP increase in infants, and the effect is more obvious in the infants with smaller gestational age. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 345-348) Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary application of 5-second tear secretion measurement in normal children aged 7-14 years Liu Chang, , Fan Chunlei, Zhen Ni, Sun Xuguang, Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 301-304.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.04.011 Abstract （340）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To measure the amount of aged 7-14 years normal children’s tear secretion by 5 second tear secretion measurement method and study its application value. Design Diagnostic test. Participants 49 subjects of aged 7-14 years normal children from Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital were included. Methods All subjects underwent 5-second tear secretion measurement and the data was analyzed statistically. The consistency of two measurement results were tested by Bland-Altman method. Main Outcome Measures The amount of tear secretion, Bland Altman 95% consistency limit, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The mean value of 98 eyes was 3.71±2.36 mm. There was no significant difference between right and left eye groups (right eye 3.69±2.10 mm, left eye 3.73±1.98 mm), male and female groups (male 3.79±2.16 mm, female 3.55±2.06 mm), and different age groups(3.94±2.23 mm in 7-10 year old group, 3.31±1.73 mm in 11-14 years old group). The consistency of the two measurements are good. The mean value of right eye difference was -0.061, the 95% consistency limit of Bland Altman was -4.10~-3.98, and ICC was 0.763. Conclusions The 5-second tear secretion measurement method can quickly assess the amount of children's tear secretion function, which has high repeatability in children. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 301-304) Related Articles | Metrics

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The clinical efficacy of trans-conjunctival lower eyelid retractor plication combined with lateral tarsal strip for involutional lower eyelid ectropion Qin Yi, Zhou Jun, He Lei, Shi Xiangyu Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 315-318.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.04.014 Abstract （518）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To observe the efficacy of trans-conjunctival lower eyelid retractor plication with lateral tarsal strip to correct involutional lower eyelid ectropion. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Thirteen patients (13 eyelids) with primary involutional lower eyelid ectropion in Beijing Tongren Eye Center. Methods All patients were performed plication of inferior retractor to the lower border of tarsus via a transconjunctival approach. Lateral tarsal strip was also performed simultaneously in all cases. The follow-up was (7.1±2.5) months. Main Outcome Measures Morphology and position of eyelid, vertical relaxation of eyelids, horizontal relaxation of eyelids. Results Until the last follow-up, all patients recovered well. According to the ectropion grading scale, the grade of ectropion was significantly reduced. The preoperative ectropion grade was II~IV, and the postoperative grade was 0~I (Z=-4.652, P<0.0001). The preoperative vertical relaxation of eyelids was (7.04±0.52) mm, and postoperative was (4.31±0.51) mm (t=22.45，P<0.0001).The preoperative horizontal relaxation of lower eyelid was (9.5±0.91) mm, and postoperative was (5.19±0.52) mm (t=19.96, P<0.0001). There were no cases of overcorrection, recurrent ectropion, suture abscess, wound dehiscence, or inferior fornix shortening after surgery. Conclusions This small sample size study shows that trans-conjunctival lower eyelid retractor plication combined with lateral tarsal strip for primary involutional lower eyelid ectropion is effective and simple. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 315-318) Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of HLA-A/B/DR allele matching on immune rejection of penetrating corneal allograft Luo Fei, JieYing, Hu Jianping, Zhang Xiaozhao, Li Li, Pan Zhiqiang Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 297-301.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.04.010 Abstract （265）            Knowledge map    Save Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China Related Articles | Metrics

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Refractive parameters of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys in non-human primates He Hailong, Ma Ya, Mou Hao, Liu Zhuolin, Jin Zibing Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 349-354.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.006 Abstract （555）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To examine the ocular components to refraction of 2~5 years old rhesus monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys. Design Experimental study. Participants Twenty-four rhesus monkeys and 12 cynomolgus monkeys aged 2~5 years old. Methods Axial length (AXL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT),  vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and spherical equivalent (SE) were measured by A-scan ultrasonography and automatic computer optometry. A nonmydriatic fundus camera and optical coherence tomography were also performed to exclude ocular diseases. Normal distribution data was described as mean ± standard deviation and compared the two groups using t-test. Wilcox on Rank-Sum test was used to compare the continued non-normal distribution data, which was described as median (interquartile range). Given that data of both eyes of monkeys was used, linear mixed-effects model was used to adjust the inter-correlation between right and left eye. Main Outcome Measures SE, AXL, ACD, LT, VCD and correlation analysis between associated parameters and AXL. Results For 24 rhesus monkeys(48 eyes), the SE was (0.14±1.15) D, the AXL was 19.80 (19.18, 20.08) mm, the ACD was 3.65 (2.65, 3.84) mm, the LT was 3.93 (3.74, 4.19) mm, the VCD was 12.10±0.69 mm, there was no significant difference between both eyes (all P＞0.05). For 12 cynomolgus monkeys(24 eyes), the SE was(-0.46±0.96) D, the AXL was (18.11±0.54) mm, the ACD was (3.57±0.32) mm, the LT was (3.20±0.20) mm, the VCD was (11.34±0.48) mm, there was no significant difference between both eyes (all P＞0.05). The AXL of 48 rhesus and 24 cynomolgus monkeys’ eyes were included for linear mixed-effects model. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the ACD, VCD, and weight were positively associated with a longer rhesus AXL (β=0.492, 0.572, 0.550, all P<0.05), while ACD and VCD were statistically significantly associated with a longer cynomolgus AXL (β=0.780, 0.876, both P<0.05). Conclusion We found that the ACD, VCD, and weight were positively associated with rhesus axial elongation and ACD and VCD were positively associated with cynomolgus axial elongation in the natural growth development conditions of Beijing, China. The ocular parameters could provide a foundation for future rhesus monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys research. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 349-354) Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution of higher-order aberrations in normal human cornea and its correlation with age: Handan Eye Study Li Jing, Xiong Ying, Cao Kai, Wan Xiuhua, Wang Ningli Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (4): 292-296.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.04.009 Abstract （276）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective To analyze the distribution of human corneal aberrations in different optical zones and its changing trend with age. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants From 2006 to 2007, a total of 2308 healthy people aged 30-87 years-old were recruited for the Handan Eye Study. Method The subjects' corneal aberration was measured with i-trace visual analyzer. Main Outcome Measures Zernike coefficients and root mean square (RMS) values of trefoil, coma and spherical aberrations in the 3rd and 4th order higher-order aberrations of human cornea in the 3~6 mm optical zone. Results Corneal trefoil, coma and spherical aberration in the 6 mm optical zone accounted for 27.7%, 27.7%, and 44.2% of the total corneal higher-order aberrations, respectively. The RMS values of the corneal vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal coma, oblique trefoil and spherical aberration in the 6 mm optical zone wss (0.194 ±0.508)μm, (0.199±0.309)?滋m, (0.135±0.108)μm, (0.137±0.131)μm, (0.295±0.145)μm respectively, and the r values were positively correlated with age: 0.173 (P<0.001), 0.181 (P<0.001), 0.083 (P<0.001), 0.154 (P<0.001), 0.073 (P<0.001). Linear regression shows that: with the increase of age, the vertical trefoil changes to the negative direction R2=0.021, P<0.05, the vertical coma, oblique trefoil and spherical aberration change to the positive direction R2 was 0.004, 0.007, 0.008, respectively (all P<0.05). Vertical trefoil and vertical coma were significantly larger in the older age group than in the younger age group, with H values of 75.89 (P<0.001) and 74.97 (P<0.001), respectively. Oblique trefoil was the next with 62.71 (P<0.001). The difference in horizontal coma and spherical aberration among different age groups was the smallest at 16.17 (P=0.003) and 22.47 (P＜0.001). Conclusion Within a 6 mm corneal optical zone, spherical aberration accounts for the highest proportion of higher-order aberrations. With the increase of age, the corneal vertical trefoil increased in the negative direction, and the vertical coma, oblique trefoil and spherical aberration increased in the positive direction. The trefoil and vertical coma increased significantly in the older age group, while horizontal coma and spherical aberration increased less with aging. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 292-296) Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy and safety of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in silicone oil eyes with different lens states Du Xiujuan, Wang Yirong, Sha Fang, Sun Xuan, Bi Hongsheng Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 340-345.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.004 Abstract （523）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve in the treatment of refractory glaucoma in eyes with silicone oil tamponade under different lens statuses. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 62 patients (62 eyes) with refractory glaucoma after vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade who were admitted to the glaucoma department of the Eye Hospital affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2015 to December 2021. Methods The medical records of the patients before and after operation 3 months later were reviewed. Included patients (eyes) were divided into three groups: phakic group (26 patients 26 eyes), IOL group (16 patients, 16 eyes) and aphakic group (20 patients, 20 eyes). The successful operation is defined as the introcular pressure (IOP) being 6~21 mmHg with or without the anti-glaucoma drugs after the operation, without serious complications and other anti-glaucoma operations. Main Outcome Measures The success rate, IOP, the number of anti-glaucoma drugs and the incidence of silicone oil entering drainage tube, the incidence of other complications. Results The total post-operative success rate was 85.5% for all patients 3 months later. The success rate of phakic eyes, IOL eyes and aphakic eyes was 96.2%, 87.5%, 70.0% respectively, with significant difference among the three groups (P=0.041). The success rate of phakic eyes was higher than aphakic eyes (P=0.033), with no significant difference among the other groups. The IOP of phakic eyes（16.93±1.75）mmHg and pseudophakic eyes (18.45±2.78) mmHg were lower than aphakic eyes (22.56±3.10 ) mmHg after 3-month follow-up, with statistically significant difference among the three groups（all P<0.01）. The number of anti-glaucoma drugs used before the operation was 4 (4, 5) and was 0 (0, 1.25) after operation for all patients, the difference was statistically significant （Z=6.96, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the number of anti-glaucoma drugs used before and after operation among the three groups. The proportion of silicone oil entering the drainage tube in aphakic, pseudophakic and aphakic groups was 1/26, 2/16 and 6/20 respectively (P=0.041). The incidence of shallow anterior chamber in each group was 2/26, 2/16 and 0/20 respectively（P=0.282）, The incidence of anterior chamber hemorrhage in each group was 2/26, 2/16 and 2/20 respectively （P=0.871）. No other serious complications occurred. Conclusion The success rate is relatively higher in phakic and pseudophakic eyes than aphakic eyes. The risk of silicone oil entering the drainage tube in aphakic eyes is higher. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 340-345) Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of VEP changes in children with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy   Zheng Panpan, Wang Ziyang, Peng Chunxia, Meng Zhaoyu, Sun Yanhong, Shi Wei Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 386-389.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.013 Abstract （489）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the changes of visual acuity and visual evoked potential (VEP) in children with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) at different disease courses and different mutation sites, and to explore the relationship between them. Design Retrospective analysis. Participants 36 LHON children diagnosed by clinical features and gene assay were included, wherein 27 cases with complete visual acuity records were used for visual acuity related analysis. Methods All cases were divided into two subgroups: subacute(≤6 months) versus chronic (>6 months) subgroups according to diseases courses, 11778 mtDNA mutations versus 14484 mtDNA mutations subgroups, male versus female subgroups. Their differences in best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), latency and amplitude of P100 detected by VEP were compared. Correlation of VEP indexes with visual acuity and onset time were also analysed. Main Outcome Measures Disease courses, BCVA, latency of P100 and amplitude of P100. Results There were 36 children with LHON, with an average age of (10.75±4.64) years, including 27 males. There were no statistically significant differences in the BCVA between genders, disease courses and mutation sites. The latency of P100 in subacute subgroups (109.54±29.05) μs was evidently shorter compared to that of chronic subgroup (127.28±6.95) μs (t=-2.93, P=0.007). There was no significant difference in amplitude of P100 between the two groups. The 14484 mtDNA mutation subgroup was better than that of 11778 mtDNA mutation subgroup both in latency and amplitude, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between BCVA and amplitude of P100 (r=0.459, P=0.014). Conclusion The VEP of LHON children mainly displayed decreasing in P100 amplitude at subacute stage and displayed worsening both in latency and amplitude of P100. BCVA was positively correlated with the P100 amplitude. The optic nerve conduction of LHON children caused by 14484 mtDNA mutation was slightly better than that of 11778 mtDNA mutation. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 386-389) Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation of improved inner limiting membrane flap covering technique for treatment of large diameter IMH Zhuo Wenzhi, Zheng Zhenyou, Li Lei Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 369-374.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.010 Abstract （552）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe the clinical effect of vitrectomy (PPV) combined with modified internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap in the treatment of large diameter idiopathic macular hole (IMH). Design Randomized controlled trial. Participants A total of 60 IMH patients were included in the study, including 7 males (7 eyes), aged 46-73 years. The maximum diameters of macular hole were all ≥600 μm. Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into group A and group B. 30 patients in each group were treated with PPV combined with ILM tamponade in group A, group B was treated with single ILM flap coverage. Main Outcome Measures BCVA, CMT, the clarity and regularity of the outer layer of the retina, the retention of subretinal hyperreflexive substances in the macular region and the scar in the macular region were measured before, 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months after the operation. Results All postoperative fissures were closed in both groups. The postoperative BCVA at the corresponding time points between the two groups was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). There was a difference in BCVA from 1 month postoperatively (1.17±0.29), (1.13±0.25) compared to BCVA at 1 week postoperatively (1.47±0.38), (1.45±0.33), (1.40±0.34), and (1.39±0.31) within the two groups (all P<0.01), and within the group at 3 months postoperatively (0.88±0.26), (0.85±0.27), 6 months (0.81±0.24), (0.78±0.21) compared with 1 month postoperatively also differed (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference between 3 and 6 months postoperatively (all P>0.05). The results of CMT in both groups basically did not change significantly (all P>0.05) preoperatively, at 1 month postoperatively, and at about 3 months postoperatively. However, the CMT in the group was significantly thickened at 1 week postoperatively (275.34±18.76) and (266.58±18.26) relative to preoperatively (254.32±17.83) and (252.17±17.12) (all P<0.01), and at 6 months postoperatively (238.49±24.43) and (236.52±22.71) compared to preoperatively compared with the preoperative period (all P<0.01). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the time points corresponding to the discernibility of the outer layer structure and smoothness and regularity after surgery (all P>0.05). All 60 patients showed hyperreflesive signals preoperation. After operation, 6 cases in the two groups still showed obvious hyperreflexive signals in the macular structure, and the remaining 54 cases gradually became smaller and disappeared in 1~3 months after operation. Conclusion PPV combined with ILM flap has a significant clinical effect in the treatment of large-diameter IMH. It can effectively close the hole and promote the recovery of macular structure. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 369-374) Related Articles | Metrics

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Surgery through corneal incisions for infant persistent fetal vasculature with complicated anterior segment anamolies Liu Jinghua, Li Songfeng, Deng Guangda, Yang Wenli, Chen Wei, Li Liang, Ma Jing, Yuan Mingzhen, Lu Hai Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 360-363.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.008 Abstract （714）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate short-term clinical effects of infant patients with persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) with complicated anterior segment anamolies, treated by lensectomy combined with vitrectomy through corneal incisions. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Patients diagnosed with PFV with complicated anterior segment anamolies, and underwent lensectomy combined with vitrectomy through corneal incisions in Beijing Tongren hospital from May 2019 to January 2022 were studied. Seventeen patients (17 eyes) including 10 males, with an average age of (13.4±9.2) months were included. Methods The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively described. Pre- and postoperative visual acuity and postoperative complications were observed. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity, changes of opacity of the optical media of the pupillary zone and postoperative complications. Results At last visit, 9 of the 12 patients had postoperative fix and follow ability of visual acuity improvement compared with that of preoperative, None patients had clear optical media of the pupillary zone preoperatively, and all the 17 patients had clear optic media postoperatively; 4 eyes complicated with postoperative recurrent pupil membrane formation, which needed further operation; no cases with intraoperative or postoperative intraocular hemorrhage, secondary retinal detachment or ophthalmitis were observed. Conclusion Infants with PFV complicated anterior segment anamolies may have optimistic visual and anatomical prognosis after surgical treatment of lensectomy combined with vitrectomy through corneal incisions. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 360-363) Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics of 538 cases of Behcet's syndrome in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Wei Bixia, Ai’erxiding.abudukeremuahong, Ding Lin Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 375-378.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.011 Abstract （336）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of Behcet's syndrome, further understand the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 508 BS patients in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2005 to 2020. Methods The demographics and clinical data of BS patients were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures Age, gender, initial symptoms, eye lesions, medication drugs and complications. Results Among the 538 BS patients, the ratio of male to female was 1:1.96. The average age was 37.37±12.83 years, the average course of disease was 4.72±6.40 years, and the average hospital stay was 13.44±8.70 days. The first visit department was mostly rheumatology(57.0%), and oral ulcer was the most common initial symptom (69.7%) and clinical manifestation (94.1%). For medication, immunosuppressant accounted for 76.4% and thalidomide was used most frequently. Oral hormone accounted for 37.7% and the use rate of biological agents was 1.5%. About 1/5 BS patients underwent eye examination during hospitalization. 1/3 patients had uveitis, and binocular uveitis was the most common type. Uveitis had more serious visual impairment and a higher hormone use rate. Conclusion Most BS in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is young and middle-aged people. The rheumatology department and is the most common first visit departments. The oral ulcer is the most common symptom. Hormones and immunosuppressants are still the most commonly used for the treatment of BS. The use rate of biological agents is low. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 375-378) Related Articles | Metrics

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Effectiveness of EyeSi simulated surgery training system in cataract surgery training for ophthalmologists#br# Liu Ziyuan, Zeng Siyan, Ao Mingxin, Wang Wei, Sun Yanxiu Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 390-393.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.014 Abstract （403）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the application effect of EyeSi cataract phacoemulsification training system (EyeSi system) in cataract surgery training for ophthalmologists. Design Self-controlled study. Participants Ten Ophthalmologists under specialist training in Peking University Third hospital. Methods Using EyeSi system for cataract surgery training and the evaluation of capsulorhexis steps were recorded. Five cataract surgeons with senior professional titles scoring the trainees’ operation videos before and after the training according to the blind method of the International Council of Ophthalmology Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric (ICO-OSCAR). The trainees filled in the self-evaluation scale. Main Outcome Measures Assessment results of the EyeSi system, the ratings from the cataract specialists and the trainees'  self-evaluation scale. Results EyeSi system showed that after training the uniformity of capsulorhexis radius was improved from (24.51 ± 30.58)% to (95.90±7.00)% (t=-7.600，P=0.000), suggesting that the capsulorhexis was more round. The distance from the center of the capsulorhexis decreased from (0.38±0.14) mm to (0.11±0.06) mm (t=4.726，P=0.001), suggesting that the capsulorhexis was more centered. The operation time was shortened from (138.12±34.92) s to (84.15±27.34) s (t=3.813, P=0.004), indicating that the operation was more skilled. The total score increased from (44.10±31.08) to (95.30±4.40) (t=-5.523，P=0.000). The ICO-OSCAR showed that the performance of capsulorhexis was improved from (3.70±0.59) before training to (4.44±0.31) after training (t=-3.922, P=0.004). The score of capsulorhexis opening shape was improved from (3.74±0.71) to (4.14±0.30), but the difference was not statistically significant (t=-1.519，P=0.163). In addition to the obvious progress in the operation of capsulorhexis flap and capsulorhexis shape, the students' self-evaluation scale showed other surgical skills such as intraocular lens implantation, instrument stability, reducing tissue traction, protecting posterior capsule and operation speed, were also significantly improved(all P<0.05). Conclusion EyeSi system can be effective in cataract surgery training represented by the procedure of capsulorhexis. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 390-393) Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of immunoadsorption in the treatment of optic neuritis associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders Mei Ni, Huang Shuqi, Chen Weimi, Zhang Zhen Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 381-385.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.012 Abstract （388）            Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of immunoadsorption on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease-associated optic neuritis (NMOSD-ON). Design Prospective concurrent non-randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants The data of 75 Patients with AQP4 antibody positive patients who were treated in Shanghai Deji Hospital from November 2017 to July 2020 with NMOSD-ON were collected. All patients had no obvious recovery of visual acuity after 14 days of steroid pulse therapy during acute attack. Methods 39 cases were included in the study group and 36 cases in the control group according to patients' choice. The study group was given intensive treatment with immunoadsorption therapy on the basis of hormonal pulse-decrease therapy, while the control group only continued to use steroid-pulse and post-decrease therapy. The changes of specific antibody (AQP4-IgG) titer and vision recovery in the two groups of patients before and after treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The antibody titer was detected by CBA method, and the data was statistically analyzed by SPSS25.0. Main Outcome Measures Clinical effect, visual acuity distribution, and titer changes. Results The overall effective rate of the study group was 76.92%, which was higher than the control group which was 38.89% (χ2=9.65, P=0.002). The improvement rate of visual acuity in the study group was 74.1% (43/58) , which was higher than the control group which was 17.5% (10/57) (χ2=34.81, P=0.000). The antibody titer decline rate in the study group was 94.87% (37/39), which was higher than the control group which was 30.56% (11/36) (χ2=30.88, P=0.000). Conclusion Immunoadsorption therapy can effectively reduce the specific antibody titer in patients who are not sensitive to the effect of steroid pulse therapy, and promote the recovery of vision. For acute and subacute NMOSD-ON, immunoadsorption is more effective than hormonal pulse-decrease therapy. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 381-385) Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 378-380.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.015 Abstract （313）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 397-398.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.017 Abstract （356）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 399-400.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.018 Abstract （305）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Ophthalmology in China    2022, 31 (5): 403-404.   DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2022.05.020 Abstract （202）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics